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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-207-6 | CAS number: 104-49-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- other toxicological threshold
- Value:
- 0.035 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
See "Additional Information - Workers" below.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- other toxicological threshold
- Value:
- 0.14 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- other toxicological threshold
- Value:
- 0.035 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- other toxicological threshold
- Value:
- 0.14 mg/m³
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
See "Additional Information - Workers" below.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Inhalation exposure is the most relevant route for assessing occupational risk in humans. Effects from repeated exposure of animals to analogous substances such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI) are limited to effects on the respiratory tract caused by local irritation. In a 2-year chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study with vapour exposure of 2,4/2,6-TDI (80:20) to rats and mice a LOAEC of 0.36 mg/m³ (0.05 ppm) was determined for both species based on histopathological effects in the upper and lower respiratory tract (Owen, 1980 + 1986; Loeser, 1983).
According to the ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment - chapter R.8 (May 2008) a national occupational exposure limit (OEL) may be used as a surrogate for a DNEL. The German Committee on Hazardous Substances (Ausschuss für Gefahrstoffe - AGS) derived an OEL (Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert - AGW) for the analogue, 2,4- and 2,6 -TDI which was substantiated in respective criteria documents (published in german on the website of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) - www.baua.de). According to the German Hazardous Substances Ordinance (Gefahrstoffverordnung) an AGW is a time-weighted average concentration in the workplace air, referring to a given period of time. The AGW states the concentration of a substance below which acute or chronic adverse health effects are generally not expected. AGWs are thus based exclusively on available occupational medical experience and toxicological findings.
For 2,4- and 2,6-TDI the AGS established an OEL of 0.035 mg/m³ (0.005 ppm) referring to an 8-hour exposure period. This OEL is used as a surrogate DNEL for long-term exposure for the substance as specific read across is utilised for associated endpoints. A ceiling limit value of 0.14 mg/m³ (0.02 ppm) is given for both isomers. This ceiling limit is used as a surrogate DNEL for short-term exposure. The German OELs for 2,4- and 2,6-TDI are in agreement with the threshold limit values (TLV-TWA: 0.036 mg/m³; TLV-STEL: 0.14 mg/m³) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH, 2004). A plausibility check of the above mentioned national OELs revealed that the DNELs derived from animal data using assessment factors according to ECHA Guidance R.8 are in the same order of magnitude. On the basis of associated read across, and given that the thresholds are deemed to be low enough as to provide for worst case, the OEL is assigned via read across to the substance subject to registration.
No DNEL for skin sensitization is calculated as the relationship between skin dose and response is not clear. Dermal exposure: Strong skin irritation is the leading acute effect of dermal exposure to the substance. Given the proposed low bioavailability of the substance via the skin, the derivation of DNELs for dermal exposure would therefore be misleading. In accordance to the ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment - chapter R.8 (May 2008) a qualitative approach was applied or the assessment and control of risks due to skin irritation and sensitization (see above).
Finally, as discussed within the dossier, the substance is available within the EU only as a monomer in an imported polymer, with a low level of residual monomer present. As such, exposure of workers to the substance as a monomer is considered to be negligible.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Additional information - General Population
The test substance is imported only as a monomer in an imported polymer, with a low level of residual monomer present. The imported polymer is used in the manufacture of associated articles. As such, exposure of the consumer to the substance as a monomer is considered to be negligible.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.