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EC number: 701-298-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 2017-06-09 to 2017-10-09
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- 2015-11-03
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dialkyl C18 and C18-unsaturated phosphonates
- EC Number:
- 701-298-1
- Cas Number:
- 64051-29-2
- Molecular formula:
- Not applicable for a UVCB Substance
- IUPAC Name:
- Dialkyl C18 and C18-unsaturated phosphonates
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations:
- Sampling method: 1 mL were taken in all test groups at the following time: 0h, 24h and 72h.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: in a freezer (≤-15°C) until analysis
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone (Only in the final test)
- Details on test solutions:
- The batch of Alkenyl phosphonate tested was a colourless liquid and a UVCB substance. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test item.
For the combined limit/range-finding test, preparation of test solutions started with loading rates individually prepared at 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L. A 3- day period of magnetic stirring was applied to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in medium. The obtained mixtures were allowed to settle for a period of 1 hour. Thereafter, the aqueous Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) were collected by means of siphoning through glass wool and used as test concentrations. All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure.
For the final test, preparation of test solutions started with a stock solution of 100 mg/L in acetone. A 15- minute period of magnetic stirring was applied to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in acetone. Thereafter, 100 µL of the stock was spiked into 1 litre of medium to reach a test item concentration of 10 µg/L.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source: In house laboratory culture
Stock culture Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C.
Light intensity 60 to 120 µE/m2/s when measured in the photosynthetically effective wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm.
Stock culture medium M1; according to the NPR 6505 (“Nederlandse Praktijk Richtlijn no. 6505”) formulated using Milli-RO water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis; Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA) with the following composition:
NaNO3 500 mg/L
K2HPO4.3H2O 52 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O 75 mg/L
Na2CO3.10H2O 54 mg/L
C6H8O7.H2O 6 mg/L
NH4NO3 330 mg/L
CaCl2.2H2O 35 mg/L
C6H5FeO7.xH2O 6 mg/L
H3BO3 2.9 mg/L
MnCl2.4H2O 1.81 mg/L
ZnCl2 0.11 mg/L
CuSO4.5H2O 0.08 mg/L
(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O 0.018 mg/L
Pre-culture 3 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium at a cell density of 1 x 104 cells/mL. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. The cell density was measured immediately before use.
Pre-culture medium M2; according to the OECD 201 Guideline, formulated using Milli-RO water and with the following composition:
NH4Cl 15 mg/L
MgCl2.6H2O 12 mg/L
CaCl2.2H2O 18 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O 15 mg/L
KH2PO4 1.6 mg/L
FeCl3.6H2O 64 µg/L
Na2EDTA.2H2O 100 µg/L
H3BO3 185 µg/L
MnCl2.4H2O 415 µg/L
ZnCl2 3 µg/L
CoCl2.6H2O 1.5 µg/L
CuCl2.2H2O 0.01 µg/L
Na2MoO4.2H2O 7 µg/L
NaHCO3 50 mg/L
Hardness (Ca+Mg) 0.24 mmol/L (24 mg CaCO3/L)
pH 8.1 ± 0.2
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 24 mg CaCO3 /L
- Test temperature:
- 22°C - 23°C
- pH:
- T0: 8.5 to 8.6
T72h: 7.7 to 7.8 - Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- Not applicable: Fresh water
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- final test: 10µg/L which coresponfd to the concentration exceeding the water solubility of the test item.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100mL all glass
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: the vessels contain 50 mL of test solution
- Aeration: No
- Initial cells density: 10 e 4 cell / mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 2
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: M1; according to the NPR 6505 (“Nederlandse Praktijk Richtlijn no. 6505”) formulated using Milli-RO water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis; Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Continuously using TLD-lamps with a light intensity within the range of 81 to 84 µE.m-2.s-1.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED 4.9.1.
Recording of Cell Densities
At the beginning of the test, cells were counted using a microscope and a counting chamber. Thereafter, cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 680 nm using a spectrophotometer with immersion probe (pathlength =20 mm). Algal medium was used as blank and the extra replicates as background for the treated solutions.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Test concentrations: 10 µg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.67 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.67 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.67 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mean Cell Densities (x104Cells/mL) During the
Combined Limit/Range-Finding Test
Time (h) |
Alkenyl phosphonate; Loading rate (mg/L) |
||||
Control |
1.0 |
10 |
100 |
|
|
0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
24 |
7.2 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
2.8 |
|
48 |
56.3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
3.5 |
|
72 |
297.6 |
296.3 |
272.8 |
4.4 |
|
n.d. not determined
Percentage Inhibition of Growth Rate During the Combined
Limit/Range-Finding Test
Alkenyl phosphonate Loading rate (mg/L) |
Mean |
Std. Dev. |
n |
%Inhibition |
Control |
1.898 |
0.0195 |
6 |
|
1.0 |
1.897 |
0.0221 |
3 |
0.1 |
10 |
1.869 |
0.0314 |
3 |
1.6 |
100 |
0.480 |
0.0965 |
6 |
74.7 |
Growth Rate And Percentage Inhibition For The Total Test Period (Main test)
Alkenyl phosphonate TWA concentration (µg/L) |
Mean |
Std. Dev. |
n |
%Inhibition |
Solvent-control |
1.822 |
0.0173 |
6 |
|
0.67 |
1.825 |
0.0208 |
6 |
-0.2 |
Growth Rate And Percentage Inhibition At Different Time Intervals
Alkenyl phosphonate TWA concentration (µg/L) |
n |
0 – 24 h |
24 – 48 h |
48 – 72h |
|||
Mean |
%Inhibition |
Mean |
%Inhibition |
Mean |
%Inhibition |
||
Solvent-control |
6 |
1.858 |
|
1.970 |
|
1.638 |
|
0.67 |
6 |
1.784 |
3.9 |
2.045 |
-3.8 |
1.646 |
-0.5 |
Effect Parameters
Parameter (µg/L) |
NOEC |
EC10 |
EC20 |
EC50 |
Growth rate |
0.67 |
>0.67* |
>0.67* |
>0.67* |
Yield |
0.67 |
>0.67* |
>0.67* |
>0.67* |
* 95% confidence intervals could not be determined
pH Levels Recorded During the Limit Test
Alkenyl phosphonate TWA concentration (µg/L) |
pH |
|
t=0h |
t=72h |
|
Blank-control |
8.5 |
7.8 |
Solvent-control |
8.6 |
7.8 |
0.67 |
8.6 |
7.7 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, no inhibition of growth rate or inhibition of yield was recorded at any of the concentrations of Alkenyl phosphonate tested.
The EC50 for growth rate inhibition (72h-ERC50) and yield inhibition (72h-EYC50) was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded a TWA concentration of 0.67 µg/L.
The 72h-NOEC for both growth rate inhibition and yield inhibition was 0.67 mg/L.
Due to the very low solubility of Alkenyl phosphonate in water, concentration levels that might be toxic for algae could not be reached.
It should be noted that the concentration of 0.67 µg/L is considered to exceed both the water and medium solubility of the test item. - Executive summary:
The objective of the study was to evaluate Alkenyl phosphonate for its ability to generate toxic effects in Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata during an exposure period of 72 hours and, if possible, to determine the NOEC, EC10 and EC50 for both inhibition of growth rate and inhibition of yield.
The study procedures described in this report were based on the OECD guideline No. 201, 2006; Annex 5 corrected 28 July 2011. In addition, procedures were based on the test methods described in the OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, 2000.
The batch of Alkenyl phosphonate tested was a colourless liquid and a UVCB substance.
Stock solution was prepared in acetone at a factor 10,000 higher than the final test concentration. Thereafter, 100 µL of the stock was spiked into 1 litre of medium to reach a test item concentration of 10 µg/L.
A final test was performed as a limit test, based on the results of a preceding combined limit/range-finding test and the information about solubility of test item in water.
Six exponentially growing algal cultures were exposed to an untreated control, a solvent control and to the nominal concentration of 10 µg/L. The initial algal cell density was 104 cells/mL. The total exposure period was 72 hours and samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken at the start, after 24 and 72 hours of exposure.
At the start of the test, the actual test concentration was 13 µg/L (133 % of nominal). After 24hours, the measured concentration had decreased below the limit of detection of the analytical method, i.e. below 0.39 µg/L. The calculated Time Weight Average (TWA) concentration was 0.67 µg/L.
The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the study plan and was considered valid.
The effect parameters obtained in this study are summarized in the table below.
Parameter (µg/L)
NOEC
EC10
EC20
EC50
Growth rate
0.67
>0.67*
>0.67*
>0.67*
Yield
0.67
>0.67*
>0.67*
>0.67*
* 95% confidence intervals could not be calculated
Due to the very low solubility of Alkenyl phosphonate in water, concentration levels that might be toxic for algae could not be reached.
In conclusion, the EC50 for growth rate inhibition (72h-ERC50) and yield inhibition (72h-EYC50) was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded a TWA concentration of 0.67 µg/L.
The 72h-NOEC for both growth rate inhibition and yield inhibition was 0.67 µg/L. It should be noted that the concentration of 0.67 µg/L is considered to exceed both the water and medium solubility of the test item.
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