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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 268-776-5 | CAS number: 68140-14-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.35 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 8.84 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
An OECD 408 compliant 90-day study in rat via oral route with AAI-DETA (the major component of DTO_DETA) resulted in an overall NOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day. The oral NOAEL is modified to obtain an inhalation NOAEC as the starting point for DNEL derivation. Following the ECHA REACH Guidance, it is assumed that inhalation absorption is equal to 2 x oral absorption: 10 mg/kg bw/d / 2 = 5 mg/kg bw/d. A correction is made for the standard respiratory volume in the rat: 5 mg/kg bw/d / 0.38 m³/kg/d = 13.2 mg/m³. Finally, a correction is made for the respiratory volume of a worker to give the corrected NOAEC: 13.2 mg/m³ x (6.7 m³/10 m³) = 8.84 mg/m³.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is a NOAEL and effects at LOAEL are local in nature
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for sub-chronic to chronic duration of exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Allometric scaling has already been considered in calculation of the modified starting point (NOAEC)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further correction required; the starting point (NOAEL) is considered to be conservative as it is based on local effects at the site of contact rather than true systemic toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.1 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 10 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is a NOAEL and effects at LOAEL are local in nature
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for sub-chronic to chronic duration of exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for allometric scaling from rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further correction required; the starting point (NOAEL) is considered to be conservative as it is based on local effects at the site of contact rather than true systemic toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
DNEL derivation: workers
Systemic inhalation DNEL values
The NOAEL from the 90 -day oral study is corrected for route of exposure (/2), respiratory volume of the rat (/0.38) and respiratory volume of the worker (*6.7/10). Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 2.5 (for other interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 50. Applying the AF to the modified starting point gives an inhalation DNEL (long-term) for workers of 0.35 mg/m³.
In the absence of any identified hazard, a short-term systemic inhalation DNEL is not derived.
Local inhalation DNEL values
DNEL values for local inhalation effects are not derived. No data are available regarding local respiratory effects. Since the substance is irritating to the skin and the eyes, local inhalation effects following acute or repeated exposures would be manifested by respiratory irritation. The substance is classified for skin corrosion in Category 1C, H314 (Causes severe skin burns and eye damage) according to the CLP Regulation and is assigned to the medium hazard category according to ECHA CSA Guidance E, Table E.3-1. A qualitative risk characterisation is required in respect of this endpoint.
Due to the very low vapour pressure of the substance, inhalation exposures would only be possible in the form of aerosol, consisting of larger droplets depositing in the upper airways which could result in local irritation. However, as no dose-response data regarding local respiratory effects are available, a quantitative dose descriptor (e.g. a DNEL) cannot be calculated based on available information. The absence of route specific information is justified based on conditions of use and qualitative risk characterisation. The inhalation DNEL for systemic effects is considered sufficiently protective in respect of potential local effects.
Systemic dermal DNEL values
In the absence of dermal absorption data, the default ECHA assumption is that dermal absorption is equal to oral absorption therefore no correction for absorption is applied to the starting point. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for interspecies allometric scaling) 2.5 (for other interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 100. Applying the AF to the starting point gives a dermal DNEL (long-term) for workers of 0.1 mg/kg bw/d.
In the absence of any identified hazard, a short-term systemic dermal DNEL is not derived.
Local dermal DNEL values
The substance is classified as a Category 1A Skin Sensitiser H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction; therefore high hazard is assigned for short- and long-term local effects in accordance with the hazard bands defined in Table E.3 -1, ECHA Guidance Part E.
Hazards for the eyes
The substance is classified as Skin Corrosion Category 1C H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; therefore medium hazard is assigned for local eye effects in accordance with the hazard bands defined in Table E.3 -1, ECHA Guidance Part E.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.088 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 4.35 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
An OECD 408 compliant 90-day study in rat via oral route with AAI-DETA (the major component of DTO_DETA) resulted in an overall NOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day. The oral NOAEL is modified to obtain an inhalation NOAEC as the starting point for DNEL derivation. Following the ECHA REACH Guidance, it is assumed that inhalation absorption is equal to 2 x oral absorption: 10 mg/kg bw/d / 2 = 5 mg/kg bw/d. A correction is made for the standard respiratory volume in the rat to give the corrected NOAEC: 5 mg/kg bw/d / 1.15 m³/kg/d = 4.35 mg/m³.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is a NOAEL and effects at LOAEL are local in nature
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for sub-chronic to chronic duration of exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Allometric scaling has already been considered in calculation of the modified starting point (NOAEC)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further correction required; the starting point (NOAEL) is considered to be conservative as it is based on local effects at the site of contact rather than true systemic toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.05 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 10 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is a NOAEL and effects at LOAEL are local in nature
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for sub-chronic to chronic duration of exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for allometric scaling from rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further correction required; the starting point (NOAEL) is considered to be conservative as it is based on local effects at the site of contact rather than true systemic toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.05 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 10 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No specific concerns; starting point is a NOAEL and effects at LOAEL are local in nature
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for sub-chronic to chronic duration of exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for allometric scaling from rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default AF
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No further correction required; the starting point (NOAEL) is considered to be conservative as it is based on local effects at the site of contact rather than true systemic toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
DNEL derivation: general population
Systemic inhalation DNEL values
The NOAEL from the 90 -day oral study is corrected for route of exposure (/2) and respiratory volume of the rat (/1.15). Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 2.5 (for other interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 50. Applying the AF to the modified starting point gives an inhalation DNEL for the general population of 0.088 mg/m³.
In the absence of any identified hazard, a short-term systemic inhalation DNEL is not derived.
Local inhalation DNEL values
DNEL values for local inhalation effects are not derived. No data are available regarding local respiratory effects. Since the substance is irritating to the skin and the eyes, local inhalation effects following acute or repeated exposures would be manifested by respiratory irritation. The substance is classified for skin corrosion in Category 1C, H314 (Causes severe skin burns and eye damage) according to the CLP Regulation and is assigned to the medium hazard category according to ECHA CSA Guidance E, Table E.3-1.
It should be noted, however, that there are no consumer uses associated with this substance and therefore the general public will not be exposed.
Systemic dermal DNEL values
In the absence of dermal absorption data, the default ECHA assumption is that dermal absorption is equal to oral absorption therefore no correction for absorption is applied to the starting point. Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for interspecies allometric scaling) 2.5 (for other interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 200. Applying the AF to the starting point gives a dermal DNEL for the general population of 0.05 mg/kg bw/d.
In the absence of any identified hazard, a short-term systemic dermal DNEL is not derived.
Local dermal DNEL values
The substance is classified as a Category 1A Skin Sensitiser H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction; therefore high hazard is assigned for short- and long-term local effects in accordance with the hazard bands defined in Table E.3 -1, ECHA Guidance Part E. However, it should be noted that there are no consumer uses associated with this substance and therefore the general public will not be exposed.
Hazards for the eyes
The substance is classified as Skin Corrosion Category 1C H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; therefore medium hazard is assigned for local eye effects in accordance with the hazard bands defined in Table E.3 -1, ECHA Guidance Part E. However, it should be noted that there are no consumer uses associated with this substance and therefore the general public will not be exposed.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.