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EC number: 288-293-3 | CAS number: 85711-34-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Dec 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation))
- Version / remarks:
- Jul 2010
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Test item amounts of 5.02, 50.23, 500.34, 500.13 and 499.99 mg were weighed onto glass slides by means of an analytical balance and transferred into the designated test vessels. Glass beads (2 mm diameter) were used in order to enhance the distribution of the test item in the incubation mixture. Therefore, approximately 5 g of glass beads and 3 mL of water were added to the test item into the test vessels and the vessels were shaken for 30 minutes. Then, 231 mL water was added to each vessel and the content was intensely stirred for 60 minutes at room temperature to dissolve and finely disperse the maximum practical amount of the test item. No emulsifiers or solvents were used.
After stirring, all preparations were clearly above the water solubility limit of the test item under the test conditions. Test item lumps were still present for the nominal test item concentrations of 100 and 1000 mg/L.
The pH of the test dispersions was in the range 7.7-7.9.
- Controls: containing an equal volume of activated sludge and synthetic medium but no test or reference item. - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected: local wastewater treatment plant, ARA Birs (Birsfelden / Switzerland)
- Method of cultivation / Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The aerobic activated sewage sludge was washed three times by centrifugation, decantation of the supernatant liquid phase and resuspension of the solid material in chlorine free tap water. Aliquots of the homogenized final sludge suspension were weighed, thereafter dried and the dry weight of the suspended solids was determined.
Based on this determination, a calculated amount of wet sludge was suspended in chlorine free tap water to obtain a concentration equivalent to 3 g dry material per liter. During the holding period of one day prior to use, the sludge was fed once with 50 mL synthetic sewage feed per liter and was kept at room temperature under continuous aeration until use. Before use, the dry weight of the activated sludge was measured again and readjusted to the level of 3 g dry weight per liter in the inoculum used for the test, equivalent to 1.5 g/L in the final incubation mixture. The pH of the activated sludge inoculum was 7.3.
- Initial biomass concentration: 3.0 g/L (dry weight) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 22 °C
- pH:
- test start: 7.3 - 7.4
test end: 7.5 - 7.9 - Dissolved oxygen:
- test start: 8.0 - 8.4 mg/L
test end: 6.6 - 7.7 mg/L - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 10, 100, 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 2 L beakers, contents 500 mL
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Aeration: intense stirring with magnetic followers
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10 and 100 mg/L: 1; 1000 mg/L: 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): 1.5 g/L (dry weight)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionised water (<1 mg/L DOC)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : dissolved oxygen concentration after 3 hours contact time, continuously recorded for a period of up to 10 minutes or until the oxygen concentration fell below 2 mg/L
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: in conformity with the guidelines, a definitive test was not necessary since in the range-finding test the test item showed no relevant inhibition of the respiration rate at the highest tested concentration - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- - Blank controls oxygen uptake rate: 24 - 26 mg O2/gh
- Coefficient of variation of oxygen uptake rate in control replicates: 5 % - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 (3 h): 6 mg/L (within the guidelines-recommended range of 2–25 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The percentage inhibition of the respiration was plotted against logarithm of the test substance concentration using the software ToxRat® Professional (ToxRat® Solutions GmbH, Version 3.2.1).
The NOEC was derived by per-vessel statistics using the Student t-test. The three replicates of the highest test item concentration were compared with the four blank control replicates using one-tailed (smaller) hypothesis and α = 0.05.
The 3-hour EC10, EC20, EC50 and EC80 values of the test item and their 95 %-confidence limits could not be calculated because of the absence of a significant toxic effect of the test item on the respiration rate of activated sludge at the tested concentrations.
The 3-hour EC50 of the reference item 3,5-dichlorophenol was calculated by Probit Analysis.
All test results were based on nominal concentrations. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The specific respiration rates in the controls were ≥20 mg O2/g/h and the coefficient of variation was ≤ 30 %.
Reference
At all tested concentrations up to and including 1000 mg/L, the inhibition of the respiration rate of activated sludge after the incubation period of three hours was in the range -0.8 to 11.4 % compared to the control (see attached document "Table Oxygen Consumption of Activated Sludge.pdf"). For the three replicates of the highest test concentration of 1000 mg/L the mean inhibition of the respiration rate was calculated to be 4.6 %, compared to the control. According to the results of a Student t-test (one sided smaller, α = 0.05), the test item had no statistically significant inhibitory effect on the respiration rate of up to and including the highest test item concentration of 1000 mg/L. Concentrations exceeding 1000 mg/L were not tested in accordance with the guidelines.
Description of key information
Toxicity to microorganisms: not toxic to microorganisms: EC50 > 1000 mg/L, NOEC ≥ 1000 mg/L (OECD 209, EU C.11)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
EC50 for microorganisms > 1000 mg/L
NOEC for microorgansims ≥ 1000 mg/L
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