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EC number: 209-639-1 | CAS number: 589-18-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-05-04 to 2017-06-17
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- For the determination of the actual test item concentration, duplicate samples were taken at the start and at the end of the test (after 48 hours) from the single test concentration of 100 mg/L and from the control. For the 48-hour stability samples, the contents of the respective replicates
were combined prior to sampling.
Immediately after sampling, all samples were frozen (at -20 ± 5 °C). Based on pre-experiments for investigation of the storage stability (actual study), the test item was found to be stable in the test water under these storage conditions. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The test medium of the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared by dissolving 50.04 mg of the test item completely in 500 mL of test water using ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes and intense stirring for 15 minutes at room temperature. After the dissolving procedure the single test concentration of 100 mg/L was a clear solution. The test medium was prepared just before the introduction of the daphnids. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterflea
- Strain: Straus
- Source: Daphnia Collection of the University of Basel/Switzerland in 2015
- Age of test organisms: 6 - 24 h
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: Desmodesmus subspicatus or a commercial fish diet (Tetra Min® Hauptfutter, supplied by TETRA-GmbH, 49324 Melle / Germany)
- Feeding frequency: three times a week
- Health during acclimation: no mortality observed - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 21 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5 - 8.8 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration: 100 mg/L
Measured concentration (0 h): 105 mg/L
Measured concentration (48 h): 107 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass beakers
- Type: closed with glass plates to reduce the loss of water by evaporation and to avoid the entry of dust into the solutions
- Size, fill volume: 100 mL, 50 mL
- Aeration: yes
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 1 Daphnid - 10 mL
TEST MEDIUM PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted test water (ISO Test water) according to OECD Guideline No. 202
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16-hour light to 8-hour dark cycle with a 30-minute transition period
- Light intensity: 15 and 17 μmol m-2 s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
Immobility was determined by visual inspection after 24 and 48 hours
Observations were also performed for other non-lethal effects (e.g. abnormal behavior or appearance).
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 10, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: no
- Observations on body length and weight: no abnormalities
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: no
- Abnormal responses: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- For evaluation of the quality of the daphnia clone and the experimental conditions, potassium dichromate is tested as a positive control twice a year. The result of the latest positive control test in March 2017 (24-hour EC50: 1.2 mg/L) showed that the sensitivity of the test organisms was within the range given by the guideline (24-hour EC50: 0.60-2.1 mg/L).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOEC, EC0, EC50 and EC100 were directly determined from the raw data.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test item had no acute toxic effects on Daphnia magna in a 48-hour static test up to the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test item on Daphnia magna was determined in a 48-hour static test according to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 202 (2004). A limit test was performed in accordance with the test guidelines to demonstrate that the test item has no toxic effect on the test organisms up to and including a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. Thus, the only nominal concentration tested was 100 mg/L. Additionally, a control group was tested in parallel. The average of the measured concentrations of the test item in the test medium of the single test concentration of 100 mg/L was 105 and 107 % of nominal value at the start and the end of the test, respectively. Thus, the test item was stable in the test medium over the test period of 48 hours. Therefore, the endpoint values were related on the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. The 48 -hour EC50 and EC100 values were >100 mg/L.
Reference
In the control and in the test item concentration of 100 mg/L, no daphnids showed immobilization or other signs of disease or stress (e.g., discoloration or unusual behavior such as trapping at the surface water) during the test period of 48 hours
Table 1. Analytical Results for Test Samples
Sampling Day/ Sample Age [d/h] |
Nominal Concentration of [mg/L] |
Measured Concentration [mg/L] |
Sample Preparation Factor |
Determined Concentration of Test Item [mg/L] |
% of Nominal Concentration |
0/0 |
Control |
n.d. |
2 |
< LOQ |
n.a. |
(fresh) |
100 |
52.9 and 52.4 |
2 |
105 |
105 |
3/72 |
Control |
n.d. |
2 |
< LOQ |
n.a. |
(aged) |
100 |
53.4 and 53.2 |
2 |
107 |
107 |
n.d. = no test item detected
n.a. = not applicable
LOQ: 6.8 mg/L
The tabulated values of the samples represent rounded results obtained by calculation using the exact raw data.
Description of key information
The test item had no acute toxic effects on Daphnia magna in a 48-hour static test up to the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L according to OECD 202 (2004).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of the test item on Daphnia magna was determined in a 48-hour static test according to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 202 (2004). A limit test was performed in accordance with the test guidelines to demonstrate that the test item has no toxic effect on the test organisms up to and including a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. Thus, the only nominal concentration tested was 100 mg/L. Additionally, a control group was tested in parallel. The average of the measured concentrations of the test item in the test medium of the single test concentration of 100 mg/L was 105 and 107 % of nominal value at the start and the end of the test, respectively. Thus, the test item was stable in the test medium over the test period of 48 hours. Therefore, the endpoint values were related on the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. The 48-hour EC50 and EC100 values were >100 mg/L.
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