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EC number: 262-765-9 | CAS number: 61397-56-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2005-10-27 to 2005-10-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Remarks:
- Study was conducted according to INVITTOX protocol no. 98 "Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay" and Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay (BCO-P) SOP of Microbiological Associates Ltd., UK, and similar to Draft OECD guideline 437 "The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants". Dec 18, 2008 with the following acceptable deviation: no data was provided on the purity of the test substance.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 005
- Report date:
- 2005
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: INVITTOX (UK) protocol no. 98 "The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay", dated February 1994
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) Assay, SOP of Microbiological Associates Ltd., UK, Procedure Details, April 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- cis-2-(bromomethyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4-ylmethyl benzoate
- EC Number:
- 262-765-9
- EC Name:
- cis-2-(bromomethyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4-ylmethyl benzoate
- Cas Number:
- 61397-56-6
- Molecular formula:
- C18H15BrCl2O4
- IUPAC Name:
- [(2R,4R)-2-(bromomethyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl benzoate
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study reports): JNJ-16479671-AAA (T001095)
- Physical state: solid (powder)
- Appearance: White powder
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: 00452023 ZT001095PUA121
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: no data
- Purity test date: no data
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature (range of 20 +/- 5 deg C), light protected
- Stability under test conditions: no data
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: test substance was tested at a concentration of 20% in saline. Strong stirring with a magnetic stirrer resulted in suspension.
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: no data
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- other: bovine corneas
- Strain:
- other:
- Remarks:
- not applicable
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Test system: freshly isolated bovine cornea
Source:. Abattoir Basel, Schlachthofstrasse 55, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland.
Collection of bovine eyes:
Freshly isolated bovine eyes were collected from the abattoir. After excess tissue was removed from the excised eyes, they were stored at room temperature in Hank's balanced salt solution containing penicillin / streptomycin and then transported for further preparations. The eyes were delivered the day before treatment and the isolated corneas were stored overnight in a preservation medium (Medium 199 supplemented with L-glutamine, Na-biocarbonate and Taurine) in a refrigerator.
Preparation of corneas: All eyes were carefully examined macroscopically for defects. Those presenting defects such as vascularization, pigmentation, opacity, and scratches were discarded. Each cornea was dissected fr om the eye using scalpel and rounded scissors. A rim of about 2-3 mm of tissue (sclera) was left fo r stability and handling of the isolated cornea. All corneas used in the experiment were collected in complete minimum essential medium (cMEM) and were checked finally with a view box for the defect s listed above. Since the bovine eyes were delivered in the afternoon, corneas were stored in a preservation medium over night in a refrigerator at about 4°C. The preservation medium was composed of Medium 199 supplemented with L-glutamine, Na-bicarbonate and Taurine. Shortly before use, dextran was added. Each cornea was mounted in a cornea holder with the endothelial side against the sealing ring (Oring) of the posterior part of the holder. The cornea was gently flattened over the O-ring but stretching had to be avoided. After the anterior part of the holder was positioned on the top of the cornea and fixed in place with screws, both compartments of the holder were filled with cMEM. The posterior compartment had to be filled to return the cornea to its natural convex position. Care must be taken to assure no air bubbles were present within the compartments. For equilibration, the corneas in the holder were incubated for about one hour at 32°C +/- 2°C in a water-bath. At the end of the incubation period, the medium was removed from both compartments and replaced by fresh cMEM, and the basal opacity was determined (t0min). For measurement, the posterior compartment was plugged while the anterior compartment remained unplugged.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- other:
- Remarks:
- physiological saline natrium chloratum 0.9%
- Controls:
- other: negative (saline) and positive (imidazole, 20% in saline)
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Concentration (if solution): 20%
Until administration, the solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer
VEHICLE
- Concentration (if solution): 0.9% sodium chloride in water
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.75 mL
- Lot/batch no. (if required): Charge No. 773609
- Purity: no data
NEGATIVE CONTROL - Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.75 mL
POSITIVE CONTROL - Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.75 mL
- Concentration (if solution): >/=99.9% (Assay) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 240 minutes
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- After 240 ± 1 minutes of treatment, the corneas were thoroughly rinsed to remove test item and incuba ted for 120 ± 10 minutes at 32 ± 1°C with fresh medium followed by opacity measurement. The permeability measurement of the corneas was performed following the opacity measurement after an incubation period of 90 minutes ± 5 minutes.
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- Three corneas were selected at random for each treatment group
- Details on study design:
- TREATMENT METHOD:
The medium from the anterior compartment was removed and 750 µL of either the negative control, positive control or test item was introduced onto the epithelium of the cornea. Corneas were incubated for 240 minutes at 32 ± 2°C.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
Preparation of the test item solution: The test item was tested at a concentration of 20% in saline. Strong stirring with a magnetic stirrer resulted in a solution. Until administration, the solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE:
- Washing (if done): The test substance was rinsed off from the application side by changing cMEM several times until precipitates of the test substance could be observed no longer, fresh cMEM was replaced inboth compartments and opacity was measured.
- Time after start of exposure: 240 minutes
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- OPACITY MEASUREMENT: After recording the basal opacity of all corneas, the mean value of all corneas was calcualted. No cornea deviated from this by more than +/-3 units and no cornea was discarded. Sets of three cor neas were used for treatment with the test item, the negative and positive controls, respectively. Medium was completely removed from the anterior compartment and replaced by the test item, positiv e or negative control. The anterior compartment was plugged. The holder was turned to a horizontal position and slightly rotated to ensure uniform covering of the cornea with the test item and will be incubated in a horizontal positioning a water-bath at 32°C +/- 2°C.
PERMEABILITY DETERMINATION:
-Following the opacity readings after treatment, the permeability endpoint was measured as an indicated of the integrity of the epithelial cell sheets. After the final opacity measurement was performed, the medium was removed from teh aniterior compartment and repalced by 1 mL of a fluorescein solution. Corneas were incubated again in a horizaontal position for about 90 minutes in a water-bath at 32 ± 2°C. Medium from the posterior compartment was removed with a 5 mL-syringe, well mixed and transferred to a cuvette of 10 mm path length and optical density at 490 nM (OD 490) was determined with a spectophotometer.
In vitro score calculation
The following formula was used to determine the in vitro score: in vitro score = opacity value + (15 x OD490 value)
The in vitro score was calculated for each individual treatment and positive control cornea. The in vitro score value of each treated group was calculated from the individual in vitro score values:
Negative control: in vitro score = opacity value + (15 x OD490 value)
Positive control and test item cornea: in vitro score = corrected opacity value + (15 x corrected OD490 value)
Depending on the score obtained, the test item was classified into one of the following categories:
in vitro score 0 - 3: non eye irritant
in vitro score 3.1 - 25: mild eye irritant
in vitro score 25.1 - 55: moderate eye irritant
in vitro score 55.1 - 80: severe eye irritant
in vitro score > 80.1: very severe eye irritant
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Remarks:
- mean
- Run / experiment:
- Test item after 240 minutes of exposure
- Value:
- 0.5
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD +/- 0.6
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Remarks:
- mean
- Run / experiment:
- Test item as 240 minutes of expsure
- Value:
- 0.3
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD +/- 0.6
- Irritation parameter:
- other: permeability value mean
- Run / experiment:
- Test item after 240 minutes
- Value:
- 0.011
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD +/- 0.007
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- Other effects / acceptance of results
mean in vitro irritancy score (range):
negative control: 0.5 (-0.7 to 2.2)
positive control: 81.1 (70.5 to 95.1)
mean opacity scores (range):
negative control: 0.3 (-1 to 2)
positive control: 65.7 (59.7 to 71.7)
mean permeability scores (range):
negative control: 0.014 (0.011 to 0.018)
positive control: 1.029 (0.724to 1.561)
Any other information on results incl. tables
Before starting the permeability test, the dye solution sodium fluorescein was checked for its quality. The dye solution is valid for use, if a dilution of the stock solution containing 10 µg/mL showed an optical density (OD490) of 1.610 to 1.910. The value found by spectroscopy was 1.697. According to the results obtained in this experiment, the test was considered acceptable.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Under the given test conditions, the test substance is not considered to be an eye irritant.
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