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EC number: 613-145-5 | CAS number: 63139-21-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2007-10-24 to 2008-02-26
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted March 23, 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- December 29, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after 72 hours. The samples were delivered frozen to the analytic laboratory for quantitative analysis.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
A stock preparation with a test item concentration of 100 mg/L was freshly prepared. For this purpose, the test material was weighed into freshly reconstituted water and then placed into an ultrasonic device for one hour. Then, the preparation was stirred for 23 hours. After stirring the preparation was passed through a single use syringe filter (pore size 0.2 µm). The filtrate was diluted with reconstituted water to the different test media concentrations. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: SAG 86.81
- Source: Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen
ACCLIMATION
Prior to start the study, the algae were grown in reconstituted water as preculture and the growth rate was determined. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 23 - 24 °C
- pH:
- 7.63 - 7.89 (without algae);
7.63 – 10.29 (with algae) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal conc.: 10.0, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2, and 100.0 mg/L;
Measured conc.: between 98.9 - 100.0 % (at the start) and 99.6 - 101.0 % of the nominal concentration (at the end of exposure) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel, size, fill volume: Erlenmeyer flasks, 300 mL, 100 mL
- Type: closed
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: The algae cell densities were determined with an electronic particle counter
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.78
RANGE FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 10.0 – 100.0 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 59.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 54.6 - 64.4 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 17.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 37.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 35.0 - 40.6 mg/L
- Details on results:
- In the preculture, the factor of cell growth was approx. 120.7. The algae increased from 10,000 cells/mL at the start to 1,206,695 cells/mL after 72 hours in the test material concentration group of 10 mg/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Results not specified in the report
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the given conditions of this study, the 72-h ErC50 value was determined to be 59.3 mg/L (95 % CI: 54.6 - 64.4 mg/L). The 72-hour NOEC was determined to be 17.8 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test item was investigated in a GLP-study according to OECD TG 201 using unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus. For this purpose, exponentially growing cultures of this unicellular green algal species were exposed to various concentrations (10.0, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2, and 100.0 mg test item/L (spacing factor 1.78)) of the test item under defined conditions. The inhibition of growth in relation to control cultures was determined over a test period of 72 hours, and thus, over several algal generations. The purpose of the analytical part of this study was to verify the concentrations of the test item in the test medium. The study design included one control and five test material groups with three replicates, each containing 100 mL reconstituted water or test medium and about 10,000 cells/mL at the start of the experimental phase. The study was performed in an open static test system. The test material concentrations were analyzed at 0 (start) and 72 hours after start of the experimental part. Defined volumes of the algal suspensions were sampled after 24, 48 and 72 for determination of cell densities with an electronic particle counter. The quantification of the test item in the test samples was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV. The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were verified in the analytical part. The limit of quantification of the analytical method was 0.01 mg/L. The analytically determined concentrations were between 98.9 - 100.0 % at the start and 99.6 - 101.0 % at the end of exposure. During the experimental phase of the study, the test material concentrations could be maintained at > 80 % of the initial concentrations. Therefore, the EC50 values were calculated based on the nominal concentrations. Thus, the effect of the test item on freshwater green alga showed the following results: The 72-hour EbC50 was calculated to be 37.7 mg/L (95 % CI: 35.0 - 40.6 mg/L), the 72-hour ErC50 value was calculated to be 59.3 mg/L (95 % CI: 54.6 - 64.4 mg/L) and the 72-hour NOEC was determined to be 17.8 mg test item/L.
Reference
Algae growth
The nominal test material concentrations and the growth inhibition data after 72 hours exposure are given below:
Test material (mg/L) |
Cell density per mL |
||||
0.0 |
|
0 hour |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
10,000 |
58,527 |
236,300 |
1,009,503 |
||
10,000 |
64,800 |
227,069 |
1,063,530 |
||
10,000 |
63,837 |
247,129 |
1,111,320 |
||
mean |
10,000 |
62,388 |
236,833 |
1,061,451 |
|
10.0 |
|
10,000 |
75,960 |
254,320 |
1,298,997 |
10,000 |
79,650 |
274,720 |
1,350,027 |
||
10,000 |
78,903 |
275,910 |
1,483,920 |
||
mean |
10,000 |
78,171 |
268,317 |
1,377,648 |
|
17.8 |
|
10,000 |
67,923 |
195,500 |
1,074,870 |
10,000 |
68,643 |
202,759 |
1,059,723 |
||
10,000 |
71,037 |
202,300 |
1,030,077 |
||
mean |
10,000 |
69,201 |
200,186 |
1,054,890 |
|
31.6 |
|
10,000 |
57,357 |
130,023 |
569,211 |
10,000 |
58,797 |
137,520 |
651,321 |
||
10,000 |
60,660 |
149,220 |
688,381 |
||
mean |
10,000 |
58,938 |
138,921 |
636,304 |
|
56.2 |
|
10,000 |
37,503 |
53,757 |
115,567 |
10,000 |
37,557 |
52,443 |
108,207 |
||
10,000 |
38,097 |
52,857 |
110,367 |
||
mean |
10,000 |
37,719 |
53,019 |
111,387 |
|
100.0 |
|
10,000 |
34,947 |
27,423 |
23,733 |
10,000 |
30,780 |
23,760 |
19,683 |
||
10,000 |
31,293 |
23,220 |
20,133 |
||
mean |
10,000 |
32,340 |
24,801 |
21,183 |
Test material (mg/L) |
Inhibition of cell growth in % |
Growth inhibition (0-72 hours) |
|||
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
IA |
Iµt |
|
10.0 |
-30.1 |
-16.9 |
-27.2 |
-25.5 |
-5.6 |
17.8 |
-13.0 |
10.7 |
3.4 |
4.1 |
0.1 |
31.6 |
6.6 |
36.3 |
40.9 |
39.0 |
11.0 |
56.2 |
47.1 |
74.7 |
88.7 |
84.9 |
48.3 |
100.0 |
57.4 |
86.7 |
98.0 |
94.7 |
83.9 |
IA= inhibition of cell growth in percent
Iµt= inhibition of growth rate in percent
Temperature, pH value
Temperature and pH values were inconspicuous.
Concentration (mg/L) |
pH without algae |
pH with algae |
||
Start of the experiment |
End of the experiment |
Start of the experiment |
End of the experiment |
|
0.0 |
7.87 |
7.85 |
7.87 |
10.14 |
10.0 |
7.74 |
7.88 |
7.74 |
10.29 |
17.8 |
7.72 |
7.89 |
7.72 |
9.52 |
31.6 |
7.71 |
7.88 |
7.71 |
8.75 |
56.2 |
7.67 |
7.86 |
7.67 |
7.95 |
100.0 |
7.63 |
7.82 |
7.63 |
7.83 |
The temperature during the experimental part, measured in a control flask with an electronic thermometer containing a maximum and minimum memory display, ranged from 23 to 24 °C.
Analytical results
Results for determination of the test material in the test samples are given in the following table:
Group No. |
Sample No. |
Nominal concentration mg/L |
Time after preparation [hours] |
Mean analytical concentration [mg/L] |
% of nominal concentration |
1 |
1 |
100.0 |
0 (start) |
997 |
99.7 |
6 |
72 (end) |
100.3 |
100.3 |
||
2 |
2 |
56.2 |
0 (start) |
55.8 |
99.3 |
7 |
72 (end) |
56.0 |
99.6 |
||
3 |
3 |
31.6 |
0 (start) |
31.5 |
99.7 |
6 |
72 (end) |
31.6 |
100.0 |
||
4 |
4 |
17.8 |
0 (start) |
17.6 |
98.9 |
9 |
72 (end) |
17.9 |
100.6 |
||
5 |
5 |
10.0 |
0 (start) |
10.0 |
100.0 |
10 |
72 (end) |
10.1 |
101.0 |
Description of key information
Under the given conditions of this study, the 72-h ErC50 value was determined to be 59.3 mg/L (95 % CI: 54.6 - 64.4 mg/L) and the 72-hour NOEC was determined to be 17.8 mg test item/L (reference 6.1.5-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 59.3 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 17.8 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of the test item was investigated in a GLP-study according to OECD TG 201 using unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus. For this purpose, exponentially growing cultures of this unicellular green algal species were exposed to various concentrations (10.0, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2, and 100.0 mg test item/L (spacing factor 1.78)) of the test item under defined conditions. The inhibition of growth in relation to control cultures was determined over a test period of 72 hours, and thus, over several algal generations. The purpose of the analytical part of this study was to verify the concentrations of the test item in the test medium. The study design included one control and five test material groups with three replicates, each containing 100 mL reconstituted water or test medium and about 10,000 cells/mL at the start of the experimental phase. The study was performed in an open static test system. The test material concentrations were analyzed at 0 (start) and 72 hours after start of the experimental part. Defined volumes of the algal suspensions were sampled after 24, 48 and 72 for determination of cell densities with an electronic particle counter. The quantification of the test item in the test samples was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV. The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were verified in the analytical part. The limit of quantification of the analytical method was 0.01 mg/L. The analytically determined concentrations were between 98.9 - 100.0 % at the start and 99.6 - 101.0 % at the end of exposure. During the experimental phase of the study, the test material concentrations could be maintained at > 80 % of the initial concentrations. Therefore, the EC50 values were calculated based on the nominal concentrations. Thus, the effect of the test item on freshwater green alga showed the following results: The 72-hour EbC50 was calculated to be 37.7 mg/L (95 % CI: 35.0 - 40.6 mg/L), the 72-hour ErC50 value was calculated to be 59.3 mg/L (95 % CI: 54.6 - 64.4 mg/L) and the 72-hour NOEC was determined to be 17.8 mg test item/L.
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