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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 276-521-4 | CAS number: 72245-24-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
In vitro gene mutation study in bacteria: Positive
In vitro cytogenicity / micronucleus study: Negative
In vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells: Negative
Additional information
The chemical structures of the organic components of the substance, assumed from the starting materials used in the manufacturing process and consequently the indicative structure, show the presence of several nitroaromatic (NO2-Ar) groups. It is well known that Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli tester strains, used in the Bacterial Mutation Assay (OECD 471), are very efficient at nitroreduction, resulting in mutagenic effects mainly due to the formation of hydroxylamine moiety adducts through esterification with guanine (Roldan et al., 2008).
The mutagenic effect related to this moiety is mainly true for components without sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) since these groups counteract the reactivity of the molecule and/or its metabolite (Benigni and Bossa, 2008).
On the other hand, mammalian cells, which also possess nitroreductases, are not efficient at nitroreduction due to the presence of oxygen under normal mammalian cell culture conditions, or in normal oxygenated tissues in vivo, thus determining an inefficient or lacking nitroreduction. Hence, a positive Ames result with nitroaromatic compounds may not be predictive of genotoxicity in mammalian systems (Kirkland et al., 2007) and the related metabolic pathway is unlikely to be relevant for humans (Kirkland et al., 2014).
Since in the Ames test the presence of NO2-Ar groups would have represented a confounding factor to investigate genotoxic effects related to potential different mechanisms of action, including those related to the presence of aromatic diazo moieties, the positive result of the Bacterial Mutation Assay (OECD 471), required for REACH Annex VII, is not considered as representative of the toxicological behaviur of the susbtance.
Justification for classification or non-classification
According to the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, for the purpose of the classification for germ cell mutagenicity, substances are allocated in one of two categories in consideration of the fact that they are:
- substances known to induce heritable mutations or to be regarded as if they induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans or substances known to induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans or
- substances which cause concern for humans owing to the possibility that they may induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans.
Based on the results of mutagenicity, no classification for mutagenetic toxicity is warranted under the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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