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EC number: 225-004-1 | CAS number: 4602-84-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 07 July 2015 - 09 July 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All treatment levels and the control
- Sampling method: At the start of the exposure intervals (0 and 24 hours), sampling was carried out after preparation of the test concentrations. At the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours), samples were taken from additional replicates with test media, but without daphnids, which were incubated under test conditions until sampling, and analysed.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2°C until sample preparation and at room temperature until the start of the analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- .PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 1000 mg/L of the test item was prepared with dilution water five days before the start of the exposure phase. Gentle stirring (to avoid formation of an emulsion) was carried out for 5 days with a magnetic stirrer at room temperature. After a separation of the phases after 1 hour of standing, the saturated solution was taken from the homogeneous phase (the approximate centre of the flask), checked for a Tyndall effect with a laser pointer and used as highest loading level and as stock solution for preparation of further loading levels by diluting with dilution water. After preparation of the saturated solution for the first exposure interval, the rest of the test item dispersion was stirred for further 24 hours as described above. On the following day, the saturated solution was taken from the homogeneous phase (the approximate centre of the flask), checked for a Tyndall effect and used as stock solution for preparation of further loading levels by diluting with dilution water.
- Controls: Dilution water
- Evidence of undissolved material: The tested solutions were visually clear throughout the exposure period. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain/clone: Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5)
- Age of parental stock: 2 to 24 hours old daphnids from a healthy stock were used at the start of the study; no first brood progeny was used for the tes
- Feeding during test: None
CULTURE CONDITIONS
- Culture conditions: Elendt M4 modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO2/L, 20 ± 2°C, 16 h light photoperiod
- Type and amount of food: Mix of unicellular green algae, e.g. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus, with an algae cell density of >106 cells/mL
- Feeding frequency: At least 5 times per week, ad libitum
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: At least 2 hours in dilution water - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 267-269 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 19-20 °C
- pH:
- 7.73-8.10
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.76-9.67 mg/L
- Conductivity:
- 653-672 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 % of the saturated solution.
Geometric mean measured concentrations: 0.247, 0.532, 1.11, 2.36 and 5.52 mg/L. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 mL glass beakers (4 cm inner diameter, 7 cm height), loosely covered with watch glasses
- Type: Open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 20 mL test volume
- Aeration: None reported
- Renewal rate of test solution: 24 hr renewal
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration: 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Culture medium different from test medium: Yes, ISO test water for test
- Intervals of water quality measurement: At the start of exposure (0 hr), at water renewal (24 hr, new and old solutions) and at the end of exposure (48 hr)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: None reported
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hours light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, maximum 1340 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Immobilisation was determined in all groups after 24 and 48 hours
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 10.0, 100 and 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No immobilised daphnids observed at any test item concentration after 48 hours - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.532 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.568 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: None during test
- Other adverse effects control: No daphnids were immobilized or showed any signs of disease or stress (e.g. discoloration or unusual behaviour such as trapping on the surface of the water)
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: The tested solutions were visually clear throughout the exposure period - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 = 1.88 mg/L
- Limit test: No - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOEC and LOEC (after 48 hours) were estimated directly from the observation data, without mathematical calculation. The EC10 and the EC50 values after 24 and 48 hours were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The respective 95% confidence limits were calculated from the standard error and the t-distribution
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- In the control group, no daphnids were immobilized or showed any signs of disease or stress. The dissolved O2 concentration at the end of the exposure intervals was ≥ 8.76 mg/L
- Conclusions:
- The EC10, EC50 and EC100 were determined to be 0.532, 0.568 and 1.11 mg/L respectively for Daphnia magna after 48 hours.
- Executive summary:
Acute toxicity to Daphnia magna was determined in a 48 -hour semi-static test. Daphnids were exposed to the test item at geometric mean measured concentrations of 0.247, 0.532, 1.11, 2.36 and 5.52 mg/L, alongside a dilution water control. The 48 -hour EC10, EC50 and EC100 were determined to be 0.532, 0.568 and 1.11 mg/L, respectively. The study was GLP-compliant and was conducted according to OECD guideline 202, therefore it is considered to be reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1).
Reference
Description of key information
The 48-hour EC50 for Daphnia magna was determined to be 0.568 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.568 mg/L
Additional information
The short-term toxicity to Daphnia magna was determined in a 48 hour test according to OECD guideline 202 and conducted in compliance with GLP (2015). Organisms were exposed to measured concentrations (geometric mean) of 0.247, 0.532, 1.11, 2.36 and 5.52 mg/L. The EC10, EC50 and EC100 based on mobility were determined to be 0.532, 0.568 and 1.11 mg/L, respectively. This study is considered reliable and relevant (Klimisch 1) and is suitable for use as a key study.
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