Calcium hydrosilicate, reaction product of natural quartz sand and technical lime by a hydrothermal and tribochemical process

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Celitement is considered to be eye irritant. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation / corrosion

Remarks:

in vitro

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

available as unpublished report, no restrictions, fully adequate for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

TNO Triskelion, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AV Zeist, The Netherlands

Test system:

human skin model

Source species:

human

Cell type:

non-transformed keratinocytes

Cell source:

foreskin from a single donor

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

The EpiDerm™ (EPI-200) skin model consisted of normal human epidermal keratinocytes from one single donor, derived from neonatal-foreskin tissue. The keratinocytes were plated on chemically modified, collagen-coated, 9 mm ID cell culture inserts (surface area 0.64 cm2). The skin models are commercially available and were obtained from MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories (IVLSL), Slovakia.

Type of coverage:

other: EpiDerm™ (EPI-200) skin model

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

other: positive controls: Skin corrosion test, 8 M potassium hydroxide solution and skin irritation test: 5% aqueous sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Negative controls, skin corrosion test:Milli-Q water and skin irritation test:phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

Amount / concentration applied:

25 ± 1 mg

Duration of treatment / exposure:

In the in vitro skin corrosion test, the skin membranes were topically exposed to the undiluted test substance for 3 min and 60 min.
In the in vitro skin irritation test, the skin membranes were topically exposed to the undiluted test substance for 60 min

Observation period:

Skin corrosion test: Immediately after exposure the viability of the epidermal cells was assessed using the MTT test.
Skin irritation test: Viability of the epidermal cells was assessed using the MTT test after 42 h of culture.

Details on study design:

Experimental procedures
- Preliminary tests: Some chemicals are known to non-specifically reduce MTT, resulting in a blue precipitate. Therefore, ca. 25 mg of the test substance was incubated in 1 mL of a 1 mg/mL MTT solution for 187 min at ca. 37°C and 5% CO2 and the formation of a blue formazan product was assessed visually. At the end of the incubation period the MTT solution had turned blue/purple, indicating that the test substance has the potential to reduce MTT. Therefore, additional checks were performed in the main study using freeze-killed skin models (frozen controls). The test substance and negative control were applied to frozen controls (n=2 per test group, for both the in vitro skin corrosion and irritation test).
- Main tests: Two tests were perfromed: One test group (group B) in which the skin surface was moistened prior to application (according to OECD guidelines 431 and 439, to improve tissue surface contact with the test substance) and one test group (group A) in which the skin surface was not moistened prior to application (because it was known that the test substance reacts with an aqueous solution.
- Exposure to study substances: For the in vitro skin corrosion test, the skin models were topically exposed to 50 μL of the negative control (Milli-Q water) or positive control (8 M potassium hydroxide solution), or 25 ± 1 mg of the test substance, at the end of the acclimatization period. Prior to exposure of group B, the skin surface was moistened with 25 μL Milli-Q to improve tissue surface contact with the test substance. Immediately after application a nylon mesh was placed on the skin model surface to facilitate an equal distribution of the liquid study substances. Exposure for 3 min was performed at ambient temperature; exposure for 60 min was initiated at room temperature, followed by incubation in a humidified incubator at ca. 37°C and 5% CO2. Frozen controls were included for both the 60 min and 3 min exposure period. After completion of each exposure period, the skin models were removed from the well and carefully washed using an excess of PBS. The inserts were stored in assay medium until all skin membranes had been washed. Subsequently, viability was determined using the MTT assay.
- Exposure to study substances: For the in vitro skin irritation test, the skin models were topically exposed to 30 μL of the negative control (phosphate buffered saline) or positive control (5% aqueous sodium dodecyl sulphate), or 25 ± 1 mg of the test substance, at the end of the second acclimatization period. Prior to exposure of group B, the skin surface was moistened with 25 μL PBS to improve tissue surface contact with the test substance. Immediately after application a nylon mesh was placed on the skin model surface to facilitate an equal distribution of the liquid study substances. Exposure was initiated at ambient temperature. Frozen controls were included. After dosing the last skin model, all plates were transferred to a humidified incubator (ca. 37°C and 5% CO2). After 35 min, the plates were removed from the incubator and kept at room temperature until the period of 60 min was completed for the first dosed skin model. After completion of the exposure period, the skin models were removed from the well and carefully washed using excess of PBS. Subsequently, the skin models were blotted dry and carefully dried using a cotton swab. The skin models were transferred to a clean 6-well plate containing fresh medium (0.9 mL/well) and incubated in a humidified incubator (ca. 37°C and ca. 5% CO2). Medium was refreshed after 24 h. Following an additional 18 h incubation period (total post-exposure period of ca. 42 h), viability was determined using the MTT assay.
- MTT test: An MTT solution of 1 mg/mL was freshly prepared by diluting MTT concentrate five times in MTT diluent (provided with the MTT-100 assay kit). The bottom of the skin models was blotted dry and the inserts were transferred to a 24-well plate containing 300 μL of MTT solution per well. After 180 min incubation in a humidified incubator at ca. 37ºC and 5% CO2, the skin models were rinsed three times with PBS. The formazan product was extracted from the skin model using 2 mL MTT extractant (provided with the MTT-100 assay kit). Extraction was performed at 2-10°C for one day (corrosion) or three days (irritation). Following extraction, the skin models were pierced with a needle to allow the extract to run into the well from which the skin model was taken. The optical density was measured in triplicate in 200 μL sub-fractions using a spectrophotometer set at 570 nm. Extractant solvent alone was used as blank. The mean optical density was calculated and expressed as the percentage viability compared to the negative control (mean tissue viability).
 
Interpretation of results:
- Frozen controls: The optical density of the viable skin models was corrected for non-specific MTT reduction of the test substance according to the following formula: True optical density = mean optical density viable skin models treated with the test substance – mean optical density frozen controls, where mean optical density frozen controls = mean optical density of the frozen controls treated with the test substance – the mean optical density of the frozen controls treated with the negative control. If the non-specific reduction of MTT by the test substance was comparable to the negative control, a correction was not required.
- In vitro skin corrosion test: The test was considered valid if the mean optical density of the negative control was ≥ 0.8 and ≤ 2.8, skin models treated with the positive control for 60 min revealed mean tissue viability <15% compared to the negative control, and if the coefficient of variation (CV) calculated from individual skin model viabilities of the two identically treated replicates was ≤ 30% in case the mean tissue viability was between 20% and 100%. The test was considered invalid if the test did not meet one or more of these acceptance criteria. The in vitro corrosion potential of the test substance was determined from the relative mean tissue viabilities compared to the negative control tissues, using the following prediction model: Mean tissue viability (% of negative control)

Mean tissue viability (% of negative control) Prediction
3 min 60 min
< 50 % - Corrosive (Optional subcategory 1A)
≥ 50 % < 15 % Corrosive (Optional subcategory 1B and 1C)
≥ 50 % ≥ 15 % Non-Corrosive

- In vitro skin irritation test: The test was considered valid if the optical density of the negative control was ≥ 0.8 and ≤ 2.8, if the optical density of the extractant solvent alone was < 0.1, if skin models treated with the positive control demonstrated a mean tissue viability ≤ 20% compared to the negative control, and if the standard deviation (SD) calculated from individual tissue viability percentages of the three replicates was ≤ 18%.The test was considered invalid if the test did not meet one or more of these acceptance criteria. The in vitro irritation potential of the test substance was determined from the relative mean tissue viabilities compared to the negative control tissues, using the following prediction model:

Mean tissue viability (% of negative control) Prediction
Mean tissue viability ≤ 50 % Irritant, UN GHS Category 2
Mean tissue viability > 50 % Non-irritant, UN GHS No Category

Irritation parameter:

other: Tissue viability (% of negative control)

Basis:

other: Mean

Time point:

other: 3 min

Score:

92

Remarks on result:

other: Skin corrosion test, 3 min exposure group A.

Irritation parameter:

other: Tissue viability (% of negative control)

Basis:

other: Mean

Time point:

other: 3 min

Score:

89

Remarks on result:

other: Skin Corrosion test, 3 min exposure group B.

Irritation parameter:

other: Tissue viability (% of negative control)

Basis:

other: Mean

Time point:

other: 60 min

Score:

53

Remarks on result:

other: Skin corrosion test, 60 min exposure group A

Irritation parameter:

other: Tissue viability (% of negative control)

Basis:

other: mean

Time point:

other: 60 min

Score:

95

Remarks on result:

other: Skin corrosion test, 60 min exposure group B

Irritation parameter:

other: Tissue viability (% of negative control)

Basis:

other: Mean

Time point:

other: 60 min

Score:

88

Remarks on result:

other: Skin irritation test, 60 min exposure group A

Irritation parameter:

other: Tissue viabillity (% of negative control)

Basis:

other: Mean

Time point:

other: 60 min

Score:

98

Remarks on result:

other: Skin irritation test, 60 min exposure group B

Irritant / corrosive response data:

- In vitro skin corrosion test: Optical density of the negative control (Milli-Q) and the positive control (8 M KOH) demonstrated the expected responses. The CV of those test groups that showed mean viabilities between 20% and 100% was ≤ 30%, except for group A, which showed a CV of 98% after 60 min exposure. Since the mean viability of the replicate with the lowest value was 16% (i.e. > 15%) and indicated a noncorrosive response, the mean viability of group B indicated a non-corrosive response, and the test substance was classified as non-irritant in the in vitro skin irritation test, it was considered not relevant to repeat the test group in the in vitro skin corrosion test, because it would not change the conclusion. Therefore, the study was considered valid. Optical density of the frozen control membranes exposed to the test substance was comparable to the optical density of the frozen control membranes exposed to the negative control. Therefore no data correction was applied.
- In vitro skin irritation test: Optical density of the extractant solvent was within the acceptable range and the negative control (PBS) and the positive control (5% SDS) demonstrated the expected responses. The SD calculated from individual tissue viability percentages of the three replicates was <18%. All acceptance criteria were met and therefore the study was considered valid. For group A, mean optical density of the viable skin models was corrected for nonspecific MTT reduction of the test substance. Optical density of the frozen control membranes exposed to the test substance was comparable to the optical density of the frozen control membranes exposed to the negative control for group B. Therefore no data correction was applied for group B.

Interpretation of results:

not irritating

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions (OECD 431, 439 and GLP) the test substance is considered to be non-corrosive and non-irritant.

Executive summary:

In accordance to OECD guideline 431, 439 and GLP the test substance was examined for its in vitro skin corrosion and irritation potential using EpiDerm™ reconstructed skin membranes. In the in vitro skin corrosion test, the skin membranes were topically exposed to the undiluted test substance for 3 min and 60 min. Per test group, test was performed in duplicate. Immediately after exposure the viability of the epidermal cells was assessed using the MTT test. In the in vitro skin irritation test, the skin membranes were topically exposed to the undiluted test substance for and 60 min. Per test group, tests was performed in triplicate. Viability of the epidermal cells was assessed using the MTT test after 42 h of culture. In both tests negative and positive controls were run in parallel. Optical density of the test groups was expressed as percentage of the concurrent negative control. Both tests included one test group (group B) for which the skin surface was moistened prior to application (to improve tissue surface contact with the test substance) and one test group (group A) in which the skin surface was not moistened prior to application (because it was known that the test substance reacts with an aqueous solution). In the in vitro skin corrosion test, after 3 min exposure the mean viability of the skin membranes was 92 ± 10% for group A and 89 ± 5% for group B, compared to the concurrent negative control group, respectively. After 60 min exposure, the mean viability of the skin membranes was 53 ± 52% for group A and 95 ± 5 for group B, compared to the concurrent negative control group, respectively. In the in vitro skin irritation test, the mean viability was 88 ± 7% for group A and 98 ± 6% for group B, compared to the concurrent negative control group. Based on the results obtained in the present study, the test substance was classified as non-corrosive and non-irritant

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

available as unpublished report, no restrictions, fully adequate for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

TNO Triskelion, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AV, Zeist

Species:

other: eyes of male or female chickens (ROSS, spring chickens)

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: slaughterhouse, v.d. Bor, Nijkerkerveen, The Netherlands
- Age at study initiation: approximately 7 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: approximately 1.5 - 2.5 kg
- Heads of the animals were cut off immediately after sedation of the animals by electric shock and incision of the neck for bleeding, and before they reached the next station on the process line. The heads were placed in small plastic boxes on a bedding of paper tissues moistened with isotonic saline. Next they were transported to the testing facility. During transportation, the heads were kept at ambient temperature.
- The preparation and validation of the eyes prior to the ICE-test were all according to OECD guideline 438.

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 30 mg

Duration of treatment / exposure:

10 seconds

Observation period (in vivo):

0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3 eyes

Details on study design:

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: The eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline
- Time after start of exposure: 10 seconds

SCORING SYSTEM: According to OECD 438 guideline.

TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: All examinations were carried out with the hand-slit lamp microscope. Fluorescein retention was only scored at approximately 30 minutes after treatment.

CONTROLS: A negative control (30 µL physiological saline) and 3 positive controls (30 mg Imidazole) were included.

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Remarks:

swelling (%)

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 240 min

Score:

7

Remarks on result:

other: Maximum value during the test

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Remarks:

opacity

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 120, 180, and 240 min

Score:

1.8

Max. score:

4

Remarks on result:

other: Maximum value during the test

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Remarks:

fluorescein retention

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 30 min

Score:

2.2

Max. score:

3

Irritant / corrosive response data:

Slit-lamp examination: After rinsing of the cornea, remnants of the test substance were present on the cornea and could not be removed. The test substance caused slight corneal swelling (7%), slight to moderate or moderate corneal opactiy (1.8) and moderate or moderate to severe fluorescein retention (2.2). In addition, spots with erosion of epithelium was observed in one eye. The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the test were adequate. The positive control eyes showed severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants.

MIcroscopic examination: Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight erosion of the epithelium. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. The positive control Imidazole caused severe erosion and necrosis of the epithelium.

Interpretation of results:

irritating

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions (OECD 438 and GLP) the test substance is considered to be an eye irritant.

Executive summary:

In accordance to OECD guideline 438 and GLP the test substance was examined for its in vitro eye irritating potential using the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test. In the ICE test, 3 eyes were exposed to 30 mg test substance for 10 seconds. In addition, one negative control eye (30 µL saline) and three positive control eyes (30 mg imidazole) were tested. After the exposure the eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline and were examined at approximately 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. The test substance caused slight corneal swelling (7%), slight to moderate or moderate corneal opactiy (1.8) and moderate or moderate to severe fluorescein retention (2.2). In addition, spots with erosion of epithelium was observed in one eye. The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect while the positive control eyes showed severe corneal effects. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight erosion of the epithelium. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control did not reveal any abnormalities. The positive control caused severe erosion and necrosis of the epithelium. Based on the results obtained in the present study, the test substance is considered to be irritating to eyes. Based on GHS and CLP, the test substance can be classified as category 2A and category 2 substance, respectively.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: no classification

Effects on eye irritation: classification as "Irritating to eyes" Category 2

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the result from an experimental Klimesch 1 in vitro study Celitement is non-corrosive and non-irritant. "

Based on the result from an experimental Klimesch 1 in vitro study Celitement requires classification as "Irritating to eye", Category 2, H319 - Causes serious eye irritation