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EC number: 700-012-2 | CAS number: 950919-28-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 14 Sep. 2009 to 29 Sep. 2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- This study was performed according to OECD Guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 with GLP statement. All validity criteria were fulfilled and no deviations were observed. Therefore, this study is considered reliable without restriction.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- 2008-11-12
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: Duplicate samples were taken from each treatment at the start and end of each test medium renewal period. For sampling from the aged test media, the contents of the respective replicates were combined prior to sampling.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: The samples were stored deep-frozen (at about -20°C) and protected from light until analysis was performed - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Dissolving 100 mg of test item (dosing amounts: 100.2 and 100.8 mg/L) in 1000 mL of test water using ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes and intense stirring for 24 hours at room temperature in the dark. Adequate volumes of this test medium were diluted with test water to prepare the test media with the lower test item concentrations. The test media were prepared just before introduction of the daphnids.
- Eluate: test water
- Controls: yes, 1
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): none - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: clone 5
- Source: University of Sheffield / UK ; bred at Harlan Laboratories.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 6-24 hours old
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): no data
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): no data
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD): no data
- Method of breeding: under temperature and ligh conditions identical to those of the test.
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: yes
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Type and amount of food: Algal suspension of the green algae Scenedesmus subspicatus or a mixture of this algal suspension and a commercial fish diet.
- Feeding frequency: Three times a week
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): none - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- none
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Test temperature:
- 21°C
- pH:
- 7.8-8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.2-8.6 mg/L
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L
- Measured concentrations: See table 6.1.3/1 in "Any other information on results incl. tables". At the start and end of both test medium renewal periods of 24 hours, the measured test item concentrations in the freshly prepared and aged test media of the analyzed nominal concentrations of 10-100 mg/L were between 99 and 111% of the nominal values. Thus, the correct dosing of the test substance was confirmed. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the test substance was stable during the test medium renewal periods of 24 hours under the conditions of the test, and the reported biological results are based on the nominal concentrations of the test substance. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL glass beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): covered with glass plates to reduce the loss of water by evaporation and to avoid the entry of dust into the solutions.
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: filled with 50 mL of test medium
- Aeration: not aerated during the test.
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): not applicable
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): medium renewal after 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable
- Biomass loading rate: 2 mL test medium/daphnid
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted test was according to ISO 6341.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16h light to 8h dark cycle with 30min transition period
- Light intensity: 520-680 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : The immobility of the daphnids was determined by visual inspection after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Those daphnids not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test vessel were considered to be immobilized. In addition to immobility, any abnormal behavior or appearance was recorded.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: Yes
- Test concentrations: no data
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no data - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: The highest tested concentration witout observed effects
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Remarks on result:
- other: due to abnormal appearance (all daphnids discolored and contourless)
- Details on results:
- See table 6.1.3/2 in "Any other information on results incl. tables".
- Behavioural abnormalities: After 48 hours of exposure, adverse effects (daphnids discolored and contourless) were observed in all daphnids at the test concentrations from 22 to 100 mg/L.
- Observations on body length and weight: no
- Other biological observations: none
- Mortality of control: none during the test
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no remarkable observations were made concerning the appearance of the test media. All test media were clear solutions throughout the entire test duration.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50/LC50: 0.71 mg/L (date of study: February 2009) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- None
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 48h-EC50 value was determined to be above 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
This study was performed according to OECD Guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 with GLP statement, to assess the 48h acute toxicity of the test substance to Daphnia magna, under semi-static conditions.
The nominal test substance concentrations tested were 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L. Additionally, a control group was tested in parallel.
At the start and end of both test medium renewal periods of 24 hours, the measured test item concentrations in the freshly prepared and aged test media of the analyzed nominal concentrations of 10-100 mg/L were between 99 and 111% of the nominal values. Thus, the correct dosing of the test substance was confirmed. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the test substance was stable during the test medium renewal periods of 24 hours under the conditions of the test, and the reported biological results are based on the nominal concentrations of the test substance.
After 48 hours of exposure, no immobilized test organisms were determined in the control and up to and including the test substance concentration of 46 mg/L. However, adverse effects (daphnids discolored and contourless) were observed in all daphnids at the test concentrations from 22 to 100 mg/L. This was considered to be a significant toxic effect. Moreover, at the highest test concentration of 100 mg/L, one test organism was found to be immobile. Thus, the highest tested concentration without observed effect after 48 hours was determined to be 10 mg/L and the 48h-EC50 value was determined to be above 100 mg/L.
No remarkable observations were made concerning the appearance of the test media. All test media were clear solutions throughout the entire test duration. At the beginning and end of the test medium renewal periods, the pH values of the test media were between 7.8 and 8.1. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in the test media and control were at least 8.2 mg/L, and water temperature was 21°C during the test.
All validity criteria were fulfilled.
Reference
Table 6.1.3/1: Analytical measurements
Sampling day / sample age (day/h) |
Sample ID |
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Measured concentration (mg/L) |
Sample preparation factor F |
Determined average concentration (mg/L) |
Recovery rate R (%) |
||
Sample 1 |
Sample 2 |
Average |
||||||
0/0 |
D1 D5/6 D7/8 D9/10 D11/12 |
Control 10 22 46 100 |
<LOQ 10.6 23.7 47.9 101 |
- 10.7 22.6 47.4 99.7 |
n.a. 10.6 23.1 47.6 100 |
1 1 1 1 1 |
n.a. 10.6 23.1 47.6 100.2 |
n.a. 106 105 104 100 |
1/24 |
D13 D17/18 D19/20 D21/22 D23/24 |
Control 10 22 46 100 |
<LOQ 10.3 23.5 46.5 99.5 |
- 10.1 23.5 46.9 99.1 |
n.a. 10.2 23.5 46.7 99.3 |
1 1 1 1 1 |
n.a. 10.2 23.5 46.7 99.3 |
n.a. 102 107 102 99 |
1/0 |
D25 D29/30* D31/32 D33/34 D35/36* |
Control 10 22 46 100 |
<LOQ 11.0 24.4 45.6 104 |
- - 24.4 47.4 - |
n.a. 11.0 24.4 46.5 104 |
1 1 1 1 1 |
n.a. 11.0 24.4 46.5 104 |
n.a. 110 111 101 104 |
2/24 |
D37 D41/42 D43/44 D45/46 D47/48 |
Control 10 22 46 100 |
<LOQ 10.9 24.3 48.7 105 |
- 10.9 24.4 47.5 104 |
n.a. 10.9 24.4 48.1 105 |
1 1 1 1 1 |
n.a. 10.9 24.4 48.1 105 |
n.a. 109 111 104 105 |
* samples lost due to accident
Table 6.1.3/2: Effect of the test substance on the mobility of Daphnia magna
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
No. of daphnids tested |
Immobilized daphnids after 24 hours |
Immobilized daphnids after 48 hours |
||
No. |
% |
No. |
% |
||
Control 4.6 10 22 46 100 |
20 20 20 20 20 20 |
0 0 0 0 0 0 |
0 0 0 0 0 0 |
0 0 0 0* 0* 1* |
0 0 0 0 0 5 |
* adverse effects observed (all tested daphnids discolored and contourless)
Description of key information
OECD Guideline 202, EU Method C.2, GLP, key study, validity 1:
48h-EC50 > 100 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
One valid key study is available to assess the 48h-acute toxicity of the substance to Daphnia magna. This study was performed according to OECD Guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 with GLP statement, under semi-static conditions.
The nominal substance concentrations tested were 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L. Additionally, a control group was tested in parallel.
At the start and end of both test medium renewal periods of 24 hours, the measured test item concentrations in the freshly prepared and aged test media of the analyzed nominal concentrations of 10-100 mg/L were between 99 and 111% of the nominal values. Thus, it has been demonstrated that the substance was stable during the test medium renewal periods of 24 hours under the conditions of the test, and the reported biological results are based on the nominal concentrations of the test substance. No remarkable observations were made concerning the appearance of the test media. All test media were clear solutions throughout the entire test duration. At the beginning and end of the test medium renewal periods, the pH values of the test media were between 7.8 and 8.1. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in the test media and control were at least 8.2 mg/L, and water temperature was 21°C during the test.
After 48 hours of exposure, no immobilised test organisms were determined in the control and up to and including the substance concentration of 46 mg/L. However, adverse effects (daphnids discolored and contourless) were observed in all daphnids at the test concentrations from 22 to 100 mg/L. This was considered to be a significant toxic effect. Moreover, at the highest test concentration of 100 mg/L, one test organism was found to be immobile. Thus, the highest tested concentration without observed effect after 48 hours was determined to be 10 mg/L and the 48h-EC50 value was determined to be above 100 mg/L.
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