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EC number: 214-478-5 | CAS number: 1132-61-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2014-04-30 to 2014-06-23
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Version / remarks:
- version adopted July 17, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Activated sludge from a biologic sewage treatment plant
- Laboratory culture: The sludge was taken from the activation basin of the ESN (Stadtentsorgung Neustadt) sewage treatment plant, Im Altenschemel, NW-Lachen-Speyerdorf
- Pretreatment: The sludge was filtrated, washed with tap water twice, then washed with and re-suspended in test medium. It was then aerated until use. The dry matter was determined with 4400 mg suspended solids/litre.
- Concentration of sludge: 24.9 mg/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 51.7 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- corresponds to 20.1 mg organic C/L
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: According to the OECD TG 301D (In solution b) CaCl2*2H2O was used and in solution d) 0.4g Na2EDTA were added).
- Test temperature: 21.4 – 24.0 °C
- pH: 6.9 – 7.5 (on day 28)
- pH adjusted: no
- Aeration of dilution water: for 72 h
- Suspended solids concentration: 24.9 mg/L
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: glass flasks
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: aeration with purified, CO2-scrubbed, moistened air
- Measuring equipment: CO2 was measured by IC using a carbon analyser
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: no
- Test performed in open system: no
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics: scrubber flasks
SAMPLING
From each front scrubber flask, ten samples were taken in order to determine the emitted CO2 (on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 18, 23 and 29). The sample volume was 1 mL.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 2
- Test flasks: 2
- Abiotic control: 1
- Toxicity control: 1 - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 1
- Sampling time:
- 29 d
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Details on results:
- No observations were made which might cause doubts concerning the validity of the study outcome.
The result of the test can be considered valid. - Results with reference substance:
- The reference item aniline was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 68.1 % after 14 days, and 76.9 % after 28 days of incubation, thus, confirming the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum.
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item, a biodegradation of 35 % was observed after 28 days of incubation. Thus, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory on the activated sludge microorganisms. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The substance was found to be not readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test item was investigated in a study according to OECD TG 301 B under GLP conditions using a test item concentration of nominal 20 mg organic carbon/L (corresponding to 51.5 mg test item/L). The biodegradation was followed by the CO2-evolution. As a reference item aniline was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. Activated sludge was used as inoculum (concentration in the test 24.9 mg dry matter/L). The test item in a mineral medium was inoculated and incubated under aerobic conditions in the dark and the test was left running for 28 days. The amount of DOC in the test solution due to the inoculum was kept as low as possible compared with the amount of organic carbon due to the test item. Allowance was made for the endogenous activity of the inoculum by running parallel blanks with inoculum but without test item. Measurements were taken at sufficiently frequent intervals to allow the identification of the beginning and end of biodegradation. All validity criteria were met. The reference item aniline was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 68.1 % after 14 days, and 76.9 % after 28 days of incubation, thus, confirming the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item, a biodegradation of 35 % was observed after 28 days of incubation. Thus, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory on the activated sludge microorganisms. No degradation was detected within the 10-day window. The test item emitted almost no CO2, so that the biodegradation after 29 days was determined as 1 %. Ready degradability is defined in the guidelines as degradation surpassing 60 % within 10 days after reaching a level of 10 %. Therefore, the test item cannot be considered as “readily biodegradable”. Degradation of the test item missed 60 % within 28 days, too. Therefore, the test item is not considered as “biodegradable within 28 days”, either.
Reference
Validity
All validity parameters and values are presented in the following table:
Parameter | Criterion | Found | Assessment |
IC content of test item solution in medium | < 5 % of TC | < 1 % | valid |
CO2 emitted by the controls | < 70 mg/L | 13.2 mg/L | valid |
Difference within replicates | < 20 % | < 1 % | valid |
Degradation of positive control > 60 % | < 14 days | 9 days | valid |
Degradation in the toxicity flask on day 14 | > 25 % | 35.0 % | valid |
Degradation Values
Ready degradability is defined in the guidelines as degradation surpassing 60 % within 10 days after reaching a level of 10 %. Therefore, the test item cannot be considered as “readily biodegradable”. Degradation missed 60 % within 28 days, too. Therefore, the test item is not considered as “biodegradable within 28 days”, either.
In the following table, the percentage biodegradation is presented:
Table 1: Degradation values in %
Day | Positive Control 1 | Positive Control 2 | Positive Control Mean | Test 1 | Test 2 | Test Mean | Abiotic Control | Toxicity Control |
2 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -0.5 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
4 | 13.2 | 23.2 | 18.2 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 8.6 |
7 | 42.1 | 48.2 | 45.1 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 22.2 |
9 | 65.9 | 64.0 | 65.0 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 29.3 |
11 | 68.1 | 67.6 | 67.9 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 30.6 |
14 | 67.9 | 68.4 | 68.1 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 35.0 |
18 | 77.1 | 78.5 | 77.8 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 39.8 |
23 | 74.8 | 71.0 | 72.9 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 38.5 |
29 | 79.2 | 74.6 | 76.9 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 39.8 |
Description of key information
The substance was found to be not readily biodegradable (references 5.2.1-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Key Study
The ready biodegradability of the test item was investigated in a study according to OECD TG 301 B under GLP conditions using a test item concentration of nominal 20 mg organic carbon/L (corresponding to 51.5 mg test item/L). The biodegradation was followed by the CO2-evolution. As a reference item aniline was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. Activated sludge was used as inoculum (concentration in the test 24.9 mg dry matter/L). The test item in a mineral medium was inoculated and incubated under aerobic conditions in the dark and the test was left running for 28 days. The amount of DOC in the test solution due to the inoculum was kept as low as possible compared with the amount of organic carbon due to the test item. Allowance was made for the endogenous activity of the inoculum by running parallel blanks with inoculum but without test item. Measurements were taken at sufficiently frequent intervals to allow the identification of the beginning and end of biodegradation. All validity criteria were met. The reference item aniline was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 68.1 % after 14 days, and 76.9 % after 28 days of incubation, thus, confirming the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item, a biodegradation of 35 % was observed after 28 days of incubation. Thus, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory on the activated sludge microorganisms. No degradation was detected within the 10-day window. The test item emitted almost no CO2, so that the biodegradation after 29 days was determined as 1 %. Ready degradability is defined in the guidelines as degradation surpassing 60 % within 10 days after reaching a level of 10 %. Therefore, the test item cannot be considered as “readily biodegradable”. Degradation of the test item missed 60 % within 28 days, too. Therefore, the test item is not considered as “biodegradable within 28 days”, either.
Supporting Study
The test substance was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a study according to OECD TG 301 E under GLP conditions. The biodegradation was determined by measuring the DOC removal. As reference item aniline was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. The degradation of the reference item aniline was 99 % after four days, thus confirming the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum. The degradation of the toxicity control was 45 % at the end of the test, thus the test item can be stated as not toxic towards inoculum. Degradation values for the test item below 0 % were calculated (mean at 28 days: - 6.8). This was due to the fact that the measurement errors of test flasks (slightly higher DOC values were measured at the end of the test, compared with the values at the start of the test) and blank flasks add up when using the equation proposed in the guideline. Under the test conditions, no degradation of the test item was observed within the 28 days of exposure and the criteria of 10 % degradation for the start of the 10 d window were not fulfilled. Therefore, the test item is not considered readily biodegradable.
Other Information
The ready biodegradability of the test item was investigated in a study according to OECD TG 301 D and EU method C.4 under GLP conditions using a test item concentration of 3.44 mg/L (corresponding to a theoretical oxygen consumption of 6.1 mg/L). The biodegradation was determined by measuring the O2-uptake caused by nitrification. As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control. Activated sludge was used as inoculum (concentration in the test 0.5 mL/L). The test item in a mineral medium was inoculated and incubated under aerobic conditions in the dark and the test was left running for 28 days. All validity criteria were met. The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded (> 60 %) after 14 days, and to approx. 78 % after 28 days of incubation, thus confirming the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item, a biodegradation of 32 % was observed after 28 days of incubation. Thus, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory on the activated sludge microorganisms. The O2-concentration in the test vessels increased during the test. As it only occurred in vessels with test item, it can be assumed that it was caused by the test item (and not by aeration). The reasons for this unknown. As a result, biodegradation of the test item could not be quantified and no conclusion on the ready biodegradability can be made. The biodegradation of the test item could not be quantified and no conclusion on the ready biodegradability can be made.
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