Dicerium trisulphide

Short-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

From 13 February 1997 to 09 june 1997

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1997

Report date:

1997

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

only 4 loading rates were tested without any justification within the report. As no effect was observed at the highest loading rate, there is no incidence of using only 4 loading rates.

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Dicerium trisulphide

EC Number:

234-603-7

EC Name:

Dicerium trisulphide

Cas Number:

12014-93-6

Molecular formula:

Ce2S3

IUPAC Name:

dicerium trisulphide

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Remarks:

powder

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Sulfure de Cérium

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Remarks:

Cerium analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: only the control and the 100 mg/L nominal loading rate treatments were sampled for analysis.
- Sampling method: 50 mL plastic syringe or 10 mL plastic pipette were used to collect the different samples. Different samples were taken:
* 5 samples collected during the preparation of the test solutions on the 4th day (thus after 96 hours of stirring).
* 4 samples collected during the preparation of the test solutions on the 7th day (thus after 168 hours of stirring). These samples were thus collected just before fish exposure. Therefore, the corresponding analytical measurements can be assimilated to t = 0.
* 4 samples collected after 96 hours of fish exposure. These samples were collected in vessels kept in the same conditions than the vessels used for exposure, but without the fish.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: stored in plastic containers at about 4 °C.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test substance and the dilution water (potable water dechlorinated by aeration) were introduced in 5-liter polypropylene beakers in the respective proportions of 1, 10, 32 and 100 mg per 1000 g. The contents of the beakers were magnetically stirred (60-mm long cylindrical magnetic bar) during 7 days (168 hours) at 20°C in such a manner that the vortex almost produced air in the solution. Evaporation was measured and compensated by double distilled water addition. After 168 hours stirring, the contents of the beakers were filtrated with a sight pressure on Millipore membrane HAWP04700 of 0.45 µm porosity. The solutions obtained were used as test solutions.
- Differential loading: The 4 loading rates were prepared individually (and not by dilution from a stock solution).
- Controls: Blank (test water without addition of the test item)
- Evidence of undissolved material: No data

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebra fish
- Strain: no data
- Source: obtained from a unique disease free group without apparent malformation, purshased from Société d'Ecotoxicologie et de Physico-Chimie (S.E.P.C), La Noyeraie-69490 SARCEY
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): no data
- Length at study initiation: 3.0 ± 0.5 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): no data
- Method of breeding: no data
- Feeding during test: no. In addition, fish were starved for a 24 hours period prior to the begining of the test.
- Food type: no data
- Amount: no data
- Frequency: no data

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 13 days
- Acclimation conditions: water for fish acclimatisation was potable water dechlorinated by aeration, whose total hardness was between 10 and 250 mg/L (as CaCO3) and pH between 6 and 8.5.
- Type and amount of food: no data
- Feeding frequency: no data
- Health during acclimation: no data

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

No data

Test temperature:

20.9-22.1 °C

pH:

7.5-7.7

Dissolved oxygen:

69-79% of saturation

Nominal and measured concentrations:

- Nominal loading rates: 0 - 1 - 10 - 32 and 100 mg/L
- Measured Cerium concentrations: Analytical measurements were performed only in the control and 100 mg/L loading rate treatments:
* Control samples: analysed only once during the preparation of the test solutions on the 4th day (thus after 96 hours of stirring): < 0.3 µg/L (< quantification limit).
* 100 mg/L loading rate samples: analysed three times:
> During the preparation of the test solutions on the 4th day (thus after 96 hours of stirring): 53 µg Ce/L. Equilibrium was not reached at this time.
> During the preparation of the test solutions on the 7th day (thus after 168 hours of stirring): 216 µg Ce/L.
> After 96 hours of fish exposure: 163 µg Ce/L.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 5-L polypropylene beakers manually washed with a warm solution of detergent (Teepol, 2.5 ml/L of water), then rinced with a warm tap water.
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: vessels were filled with 3L of each test solution or dilution water (control)
- Aeration: no data
- Renewal rate of test solution: none (static test)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration: 2
- No. of vessels per control: 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: potable water dechlorinated by aeration with a dissolved oxygen content of 100 % saturation, a pH of 8.4 and a hardness of 120 mg as CaCO3.
- Total organic carbon: no data
- Particulate matter: no data
- Metals: no data
- Pesticides: no data
- Chlorine: no data
- Alkalinity: no data
- Ca/mg ratio: no data
- Conductivity: no data
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: at the start and at the end of the test, the pH values and the dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined at each test concentration and in the control.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 12 hours on 24 hours
- Light intensity: 1000 to 2000 lux at the surface of the water.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
Fish behaviour and mortality at 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2 (100 - 32 - 10 - 1 mg/L nominal loading rates) knowing that a higher factor was used between the two lowest loading rates.
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: only 4 loading rates were tested without any justification within the report. As no effect was observed at the highest loading rate, there is no incidence of using only 4 loading rates.
- Range finding study: No

SACRIFICE:
At the end of the test, living fish were killed using asphyxia by immersion in warm water at a temperature of about 50 °C.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

LINDANE

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 other: % saturated aqueous solution

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Mortality: no mortalities were recorded at any observation time and in any test group.
- Behavioural abnormalities: all the fishes displayed a normal behavior throughout the test observation period.
- Observations on body length and weight: the 50 fishes tested were weighed and measured after they died. The mean lenght and weight values were respectively 3.1 ± 0.42 cm and 0.30 ± 0.12 g.
- Other biological observations: no further observation.
- Mortality of control: 0%; thus fulfilling the guideline recommendation of a control mortality ≤10%.
No further detail on results.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- The sensitivity of the group of fish used was determined in study P 133 whose report was attached to that of study P134.
- Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- LC50-24h (Brachydanio rerio): 0.20 ppm (w/w). This result is consistent with previous results obtained in the laboratory with this reference substance.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

No statistics performed as no effect was observed at the highest loading rate tested.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Physico-chemical parameters and % fish mortality:

Loading Rate (mg/L nominal)	Test container number	Mortality (total) in %					% O2	pH
		T= 3 hours	T= 24 hours	T= 48 hours	T= 72 hours	T= 96 hours	T= 96 hours	T= 96 hours
control	9	0	0	0	0	0	73	7.7
	10	0	0	0	0	0	73	7.6
1	7	0	0	0	0	0	69	7.6
	8	0	0	0	0	0	72	7.6
10	5	0	0	0	0	0	70	7.6
	6	0	0	0	0	0	72	7.6
32	3	0	0	0	0	0	76	7.6
	4	0	0	0	0	0	76	7.6
100	1	0	0	0	0	0	79	7.7
	2	0	0	0	0	0	75	7.5

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Dicerium trisulphide is not harmful to fish up to its solubility limit in the test water at a loading rate of 100 mg/L (96h-LC50 - Brachydanio rerio > 100 % saturated aqueous solution).

Executive summary:

This study was performed to assess the acute lethal toxicity of dicerium trisulphide to fish in fresh water.

Methods

The acute toxicity of the test material to Brachydanio rerio was studied under static conditions according to the EU Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, Part C.1 (1992). Fishes (2 replicates of 5 fish per group) were exposed to control and to the test item at the nominal loading rates of 1, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L for 96 hours. Behaviour and mortality were recorded after 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours.

 

Results

All the fishes displayed a normal behaviour throughout the test observation period. No mortality was recorded at any observation time in any test or control group. Based on these results, the 96 hours-LC50 was >100 % saturated aqueous solution (96hours-LL50 > 100 mg/L).

 

Conclusion

Under the conditions of this test, dicerium trisulphide is not harmful to fish up to its solubility limit in the test medium at the loading rate of 100 mg/L.