5,9-dimethyl-4,8-decadienal

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Skin corrosion: Not corrosive based on the absence of irritation.

Skin irritation (OECD TG 439): Not irritating.

Eye irritation (OECD TG 438): Not irritating. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

11 April, 2016 - 09 May, 2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

Version / remarks:

(2015)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)

Version / remarks:

(2012)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test system:

human skin model

Source species:

human

Cell type:

other: epidermal keratinocytes

Cell source:

other: SkinEthic Laboratories, Lyon, France.

Source strain:

other: Not applicable

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on test system:

RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EPISKIN Small ModelTM, 0.38 cm^2
- Tissue batch number: 16-EKIN-015 and 16-EKIN-018
- Twenty five μL of the undiluted test substance was added into 12-well plates on top of the skin tissues.
- The test item was applied topically to the corresponding tissues ensuring uniform covering.

TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 35.1 - 37.1°C

PRE-TEST PROCEDURE:
Assessment of Direct Test Item Reduction of MTT:
MTT Salt Metabolism, Cell Viability Assay:
The MTT assay, a colorimetric method of determining cell viability, is based on reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) to a blue formazan salt by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in viable cells.
One limitation of the assay is possible interference of the test item with MTT. A test item may directly reduce MTT, thus mimicking dehydrogenase activity of thecellular mitochondria. This property of the test item is only a problem, if at the time of the MTT test (after rinsing) there are still sufficient amounts of the test item present on or in the tissues. In this case, the true metabolic MTT reduction and the false direct MTT reduction can be differentiated and quantified.

Test for Direct MTT Reduction:
Geraldehyde was checked for possible direct MTT reduction and colour interference before the study was started. Some non-coloured test items may change into coloured items in aqueous conditions and thus stain the skin tissues during the exposure. To assess the colour interference, 10 μL of Geraldehyde was added to 90 μL Milli-Q water. The mixture was mixed for approximately 15 minutes. A negative control, 10 μL Milli-Q water was tested concurrently. At the end of the shaking period a colour check was performed.
To assess the ability of the test item to reduce MTT, 25 μL of the test item was added to 2 mL MTT solution (0.3 mg/mL in PBS). The mixture was incubated for 3 hours at 37°C. A negative control, sterile Milli-Q water was tested concurrently. At the end of the incubation period a colour check was performed.
Since the test item reacted with the MTT medium in addition to the normal procedure, three killed tissues treated with test item and three killed non-treated tissues were used for the cytotoxicity evaluation with MTT.

PRE-INCUBATION:
On the day of receipt the tissues were transferred to 12-well plates and preincubated with prewarmed Maintenance Medium for approximately 22 hours at 37°C. Maintenance medium and Assay medium were supplied by Skinethic Laboratories, Lyon, France.

APPLICATION/TREATMENT OF TEST SUBSTANCE:
The test was performed on a total of 3 tissues per test item together with negative and positive controls. Twenty five μL of the undiluted test item was added into 12-well plates on top of the skin tissues. Three tissues were treated with 25 μL PBS (negative control) and 3 tissues with 25 μL 5% SDS (positive control) respectively. The positive control was re-spread after 7 minutes contact time. After the exposure period of 15 ± 0.5 minutes at room temperature, the tissues were washed with phosphate buffered saline to remove residual test item. After rinsing, the cell culture inserts were each dried carefully and moved to a new well on 2 mL pre-warmed maintenance medium until all tissues were dosed and rinsed. Subsequently the skin tissues were incubated for 42 hours at 37°C.

CELL VIABILITY MEASUREMENT:
After incubation, cell culture inserts were dried carefully to remove excess medium and were transferred into a 12-wells plate prefilled with 2 mL MTT-solution (0.3 mg/mL in PBS). The tissues were incubated for 3 h at 37°C. After incubation the tissues were placed on blotting paper to dry the tissues. Total biopsy was made by using a biopsy punch. Epidermis was separated from the collagen matrix and both parts were placed in prelabeled microtubes and extracted with 500 μL isopropanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Tubes were stored refrigerated and protected from light for 70 hours. The amount of extracted formazan was determined spectrophotometrically at 570 nm in duplicate with the TECAN Infinite® M200 Pro Plate Reader.
Cell viability was calculated for each tissue as a percentage of the mean of the negative control tissues. Skin irritation potential of the test item was classified according to remaining cell viability following exposure of the test item.

DECISION CRITERIA
- A test substance is considered irritant in the skin irritation test if: The relative mean tissue viability of three individual tissues after 15 minutes of exposure to the test substance and 42 hours of post incubation is ≤ 50% of the mean viability of the negative controls.
- A test substance is considered non-irritant in the in vitro skin irritation test if: The relative mean tissue viability of three individual tissues after 15 minutes of exposure to the test substance and 42 hours of post incubation is > 50% of the mean viability of the negative controls.

Control samples:

yes, concurrent negative control

yes, concurrent positive control

Amount/concentration applied:

Test material
- Applied volume: 25 μL

Duration of treatment / exposure:

15-Minute exposure period and 42 hours post-exposure incubation period.

Number of replicates:

A total of 9 tissues were used: Triplicate tissues were treated with: test substance, positive control or negative control.

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

other: other: relative mean viability

Value:

52

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: The relative mean tissue viability compared to the negative control tissues (100%).

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

other: relative mean viability (Repeat experiment)

Value:

63

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: The relative mean tissue viability compared to the negative control tissues (100%).

Other effects / acceptance of results:

Direct MTT Reduction
Geraldehyde was checked for colour interference in aqueous conditions and for possible direct MTT reduction by adding the test item to MTT medium. Because a colour change was observed by adding MTT-medium it was concluded that Geraldehyde did interact with the MTT endpoint.
The non-specific reduction of MTT by Geraldehyde was 8% of the negative control tissues. The net OD of the treated killed tissues was subtracted from the ODs of the test item treated viable tissues.

Test Item, Positive Control Item and Negative Control Item
The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment with Geraldehyde compared to the negative control tissues was 52%. Although the mean relative tissue viability for Geraldehyde was above 50% after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment Geraldehyde, the relative tissue viability per skin were 58, 61 and 38%. Therefore, the test was repeated. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment with Geraldehyde compared to the negative control tissues during the repeat was 63%. The relative tissue viability per skin during the repeat were 63, 69 and 58%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for Geraldehyde was above 50% Geraldehyde is considered to be non-irritant.

Quality Criteria
The positive control had a mean cell viability after 15 ± 0.5 minutes exposure of 25% and 24% first test and repeat, respectively. The positive control meets the validity criterion meets the validity criterion. The absolute mean OD570 of the negative control tissues was within the laboratory historical control data range.

Mean OD570 Values and Percentage Viabilities for the Negative Control Item, Positive Control Item and Test Item:

Item	OD570 of tissues	Mean OD562 of triplicate tissues	± SD of OD570	Relative individual tissue viability (%)	Relative mean viability (%)
Negative Control Item	0.907	0.934	0.176		100
	0.773
	1.122
Positive Control Item	0.220	0.247	0.165	24	25
	0.096			12
	0.424			38
Test Item	0.618	0.490	0.118	68	52
	0.643			83
	0.426			38

Repeat:

Item	OD570 of tissues	Mean OD562 of triplicate tissues	± SD of OD570	Relative individual tissue viability (%)	Relative mean viability (%)
Negative Control Item	0.890	0.832	0.132		100
	0.925
	0.680
Positive Control Item	0.190	0.199	0.010	21	24
	0.210			23
	0.195			29
Test Item	0.525	0.526	0.048	59	63
	0.574			62
	0.479			70

SD = Standard deviation

*The mean viability of the negative control tissues is set at 100 %

Interpretation of results:

other: Not skin irritating

Remarks:

According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.

Conclusions:

Since the mean relative tissue viability for the substance in two experiments was above 50% the substance is considered to be non-irritant.

Executive summary:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested in two in vitro using a human skin model through topical application for 15 minutes. The study procedures described in this report were according to OECD TG 439 guideline and GLP principles. Skin tissue was treated by topical application of 25 µL undiluted test substance. After 42 hours incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) MTT at the end of treatment.

Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance. Reliable negative and positive controls were included. The positive control had a mean cell viability after 15 ± 0.5 minutes exposure of 25% and 24% first test and repeat, respectively.

The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with the substance compared to the negative control tissue was 52% and 63% first test and repeat, respectively.

Since the mean relative tissue viability for the substance was above 50% after 15 minutes treatment the substance is considered to be non-irritant.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

22-03-2016 to 04-04-2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Triskelion, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AV, Zeist

Species:

other: eyes of male or female chickens (ROSS, spring chickens)

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Slaughterhouse v.d. Bor, Nijkerkerveen, The Netherlands
- Age at study initiation: approximately 7 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: approximately 1.5 - 2.5 kg
-Heads of the animals were cut off immediately after sedation of the animals by electric shock and incision of the neck for bleeding, and before they reached the next station on the process line. The heads were placed in small plastic boxes on a bedding of paper tissues moistened with isotonic saline. Next, they were transported to the testing facility. During transportation, the heads were kept at ambient temperature.
- The preparation and validation of the eyes prior to the ICE-test were all according to OECD guideline 438.

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

other: Positive controls: Benzalkonium Chloride. Negative control: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 30 µL

Duration of treatment / exposure:

10 seconds

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

240 minutes

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3 eyes

Details on study design:

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: The eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline
- Time after start of exposure: 10 seconds

SCORING SYSTEM: According to OECD 438 guideline. Examination of the eyes after 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes

TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: All examinations were carried out with the hand-slit lamp microscope. Fluorescein retention was only scored at approximately 30 minutes after treatment.

CONTROLS: A negative control (30 µL physiological saline) and 3 positive controls (30 µL Benzalkonium Chloride 5%) were included.

Irritation parameter:

percent corneal swelling

Run / experiment:

Slit-lamp examination

Value:

3

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: Maximum mean score

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Run / experiment:

Slit-lamp examination

Value:

0.5

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: Maximum mean score

Irritation parameter:

fluorescein retention score

Run / experiment:

slit-lamp examination

Value:

0

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Other effects / acceptance of results:

Slit-lamp examination: The test substance caused corneal effects consisting of very slight corneal swelling (mean of 3%), very slight or slight opacity (mean score of 0.5) and no fluorescein retention (mean score of 0.0). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants.

Microscopic examination: Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight erosion (2/3 corneas), moderate necrosis (1/3 corneas) and very slight vacuolation (1/3 corneas) of the epithelium. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed moderate or severe erosion and slight vacuolation of the epithelium, the epithelium partly detached from the basement membrane, and endothelial necrosis (two corneas).

Interpretation of results:

other: Not eye irritating.

Remarks:

According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions (OECD 438 and GLP) the test substance is not considered to be an eye irritant

Executive summary:

In accordance to OECD guideline 438 and GLP the test substance was examined for its in vitro eye irritating potential using the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test. In the ICE test, 3 eyes were exposed to 30 µL test substance for 10 seconds. In addition, one negative control eye (30 µL saline) and three positive control eyes (30 µL Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)) were tested. After the exposure the eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline and were examined at approximately 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. The test substance caused corneal effects consisting of very slight corneal swelling (mean of 3%), very slight or slight opacity (mean score of 0.5) and no fluorescein retention (mean score of 0.0). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test sustance revealed very slight erosion (2/3 corneas), moderate necrosis (1/3 corneas) and very slight vacuolation (1/3 corneas) of the epithelium. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed moderate or severe erosion and slight vacuolation of the epithelium, the epithelium partly detached from the basement membrane, and endothelial necrosis (two corneas). The substance is not eye irritating.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Additional information

Skin irritation:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested in two in vitro using a human skin model through topical application for 15 minutes. The study procedures described in this report were according to OECD TG 439 guideline and GLP principles. Skin tissue was treated by topical application of 25 µL undiluted test substance. After 42 hours incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) MTT at the end of treatment.

Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance. Reliable negative and positive controls were included. The positive control had a mean cell viability after 15 ± 0.5 minutes exposure of 25% and 24% first test and repeat, respectively.

The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with the substance compared to the negative control tissue was 52% and 63% first test and repeat, respectively.

Since the mean relative tissue viability for the substance was above 50% after 15 minutes treatment the substance is considered to be non-irritant.

Eye irritation:

In accordance to OECD guideline 438 and GLP the test substance was examined for its in vitro eye irritating potential using the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test. In the ICE test, 3 eyes were exposed to 30 µL test substance for 10 seconds. In addition, one negative control eye (30 µL saline) and three positive control eyes (30 µL Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)) were tested. After the exposure the eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline and were examined at approximately 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. The test substance caused corneal effects consisting of very slight corneal swelling (mean of 3%), very slight or slight opacity (mean score of 0.5) and no fluorescein retention (mean score of 0.0). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight erosion (2/3 corneas), moderate necrosis (1/3 corneas) and very slight vacuolation (1/3 corneas) of the epithelium. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed moderate or severe erosion and slight vacuolation of the epithelium, the epithelium partly detached from the basement membrane, and endothelial necrosis (two corneas).

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the results, the substance does not need to be classified for skin and eye irritation according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.