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EC number: 228-504-8 | CAS number: 6283-92-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Result based on an internationally accepted QSAR tool.
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: migrated from IUCLID 5.6
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- ECOSAR (Ecological Structure Activity Relationships) predicts the potential toxicity of industrial chemicals to organisms living in the water body to which the chemicals are discharged.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Sampling performed at the start and the end of the tests with ethyl, butyl and octyl lactate, in test media without algae. Samples of 50-100 ml volume were immediately extracted with 5 ml hexane adding n-dodecane as an internal standard.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Green algae
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: S. capricornutum
- Strain: ATCC 22662, American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville. Maryland, U.S.A.
- Inoculum (at test initiation): 10E4 cells/mL - Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 8.0 at the start of the tests
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not relevant
- Salinity:
- Not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- In algal test systems loss of test substance is possible by several mechanisms (e.g. volatilization,biodegradation). In this study, analytical confirmation was carried out in the tests with ethyl, butyl and octyl lactate in test media without algae. The initial measured concentrations varied considerably when compared to the nominal values, but at nominal concentrations of 32 mg/L or higher, at least 90% of the test substance was recovered analytically at the start of the test. At the end of the 72h tests with ethyl and butyl lactate, at least 80% of both substances was recovered analytically in a range relevant to the calculation of the EC50 values. The decrease of actual concentration was considerably higher in the 96h algal test with octyl lactate (EPA guideline), i.e. up to 50% at the EC50 level in test media without algae. The amount of loss tended to be proportional to the concentration of octyl lactate, possibly indicating a first order hydrolysis reaction. Octyl lactate had almost entirely depleted in 96h in test media from which the algal cells had been removed, possibly due to bacterial growth (and activity) which is almost always present in algal cultures.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 200 mL conical test flasks
- Fill volume: 100 mL
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10E4 cells/mL
- light intensity, 80-86 µmol/s/m²
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: amended with 150 mg/L NaHCO3 and 80 mg/L Fe-citrate.3H2O to increase its buffer capacity and prevent Fe limitation of growth.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: determined daily by electronic particle counting (Coulter Counter Model TAB, 100 pm aperture). A linear relationship between the particle counts and microscopic cell counts was established. The mean control growth rate of the algal cultures was 0.072 h-1 - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.378 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- dodecyl lactate
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: ECOSAR Class Esters
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.63 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- dodecyl lactate
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Baseline Toxicity
Reference
dodecyl lactate:
Predicted
ECOSAR Class Esters Organism Duration End Pt mg/L (ppm)
=========================== ================== ======== ====== ==========
Esters : Green Algae 96-hr EC50 0.378
=========================== ================== ======== ====== ==========
Neutral Organic SAR : Green Algae 96-hr EC50 0.630
(Baseline Toxicity)
=========================== ================== ======== ====== ==========
------------------------------
Class Specific LogKow Cut-Offs
------------------------------
If the log Kow of the chemical is greater than the endpoint specific cut-offs
presented below, then no effects at saturation are expected for those endpoints.
Esters:
------
Maximum LogKow: 6.4 (Green Algae EC50)
Baseline Toxicity SAR Limitations:
---------------------------------
Maximum LogKow: 6.4 (Green Algae EC50)
Description of key information
Based on ECOSAR v1.1 Class-specific Estimations, the 96h-EC50 for Green Algae ranges from 0.378 based on grouping under esters to 0.630 mg/L (baseline toxicity). Extrapolation based on a trendline of alkyl lactates resulted in an EC50 of 0.21 mg/L. The experimental 72h-EC50 for Green Algae exposed to C12-15 alkyl lactates was > 1.8 mg/L based on measured concentrations. The key value is based on the lower value from the ECOSAR v1.1 Class-specific Estimations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.38 mg/L
Additional information
Based on the analytical results of the 96h algal test with octyl lactate in the referred study, alkyl lactates with C-chains of 8 carbons or more, degrade rapidly due to hydrolysis and bacterial activity. The available data hold only very limited information about the NOEC/EC10 for growth rate, so no key values could be provided for the NOEC or EC10.
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