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EC number: 222-746-8 | CAS number: 3598-16-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- <1979
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The method used does not meet presently accepted procedures. E.g. the dosing scheme.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 979
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Version / remarks:
- No guideline available at the time of performance.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Phenoxyacetic acid (and two structurally related compounds) were administered by gavage to pregnant mice on one of gestation days 8-15 (copulation plug day = day 1) or on three consecutive days (7-9, 10-12, or 13-15). Doses were 800-900 mg/kg for single and 250-300 mg/kg/day for multiple treatments. Mortality and fetal weight were determined. Skeletal, visceral or histopathological foetal anomalies and malformations were investigated. Only the part on phenoxyacetic acid is recorded here.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Phenoxyacetic acid
- EC Number:
- 204-556-7
- EC Name:
- Phenoxyacetic acid
- Cas Number:
- 122-59-8
- IUPAC Name:
- phenoxyacetic acid
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- SMILES: O=C(O)COc(cccc1)c1
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Phenoxyacetic acid (PA) was obtained from Eastman Kodak, Rochester, New York.
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CD-1
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Randombred CD-1 albino mice were obtained from the Charles River Breeding Laboratory and given Wayne Lab Blox and water ad libitum.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Details on exposure:
- Phenoxyacetic acid (PA) was suspended in honey and water (1:1). The concentration suspended was calculated on the basis that a 30 gram mouse would be given a volume of 0.25 ml.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on mating procedure:
- Mated females were detected by the presence of copulation plugs, and the plug day was designated day one of gestation.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- One or three consecutive treatments.
- Frequency of treatment:
- The test substance was administered at a dose of 800-900 mg/kg of body weight on one of days 8-15 of gestation or at a dose of 250-300 mg/kg of body weight on three consecutive gestation days (7-9, 10-12, or 13-15).
A minimal lethal dose of 1000 mg/kg was established in preliminary trials. - Duration of test:
- Until gestation Day 18.
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 850 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- A single dose was 800 to 900 mg/kg bw/d on one of the Days 8 to 15 of gestation.
- Dose / conc.:
- 275 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- A dose of 250 to 300 mg/kg bw/d was administered on three consecutive days (Days 7 -9; 10-12; or 13-15) of gestation.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Eight or more litters were produced per treatment day x dose.
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- On gestation day 18, treated females were killed by cervical dislocation. Uteri were exposed and examined to determine the numbers of live, dead, and resorbed fetuses. Live fetuses were examined for gross external malformations and weighed. Two fetuses were randomly chosen from each litter, dissected, and examined for visceral abnormalities; their skulls were stored in 70% ethanol and then subjected to free hand sectioning and examination for malformations of the brain, and oral and nasal cavities. Additional fetuses from each litter were selected at random and placed in cold buffered 10% formalin for a later histopathological examination. All other fetuses were stored in 70% ethanol and later eviscerated, stained with alizarin red S and examined for skeletal malformations.
Examinations
- Ovaries and uterine content:
- On gestation day 18, treated females were killed by cervical dislocation. Uteri were exposed and examined to determine the numbers of live, dead, and resorbed fetuses.
- Fetal examinations:
- Live fetuses were examined for gross external malformations and weighed. Two fetuses were randomly chosen from each litter, dissected, and examined for visceral abnormalities; their skulls were stored in 70% ethanol and then subjected to free hand sectioning and examination for malformations of the brain, and oral and nasal cavities. Additional fetuses from each litter were selected at random and placed in cold buffered 10% formalin for a later histopathological examination. All other fetuses were stored in 70% ethanol and later eviscerated, stained with alizarin red S and examined for skeletal malformations.
- Statistics:
- Fetal weights were compared by use of a one-way ANOVA followed by Gabriel's multiple range test. The incidences of deaths and resorptions were compared nonparametrically by the rank sum method of Wilcoxon and Wilcox. Incidences of gross malformations, skeletal malformations, and cleft palates were compared by arcsin transformation of means, followed by a one-way ANOVA and Gabriel's multiple range test, In all cases, statistical analyses were done on a per litter basis.
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
General toxicity (maternal animals)
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
Maternal developmental toxicity
- Number of abortions:
- not specified
- Pre- and post-implantation loss:
- not specified
- Total litter losses by resorption:
- not specified
- Early or late resorptions:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Effects on pregnancy duration" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsMaternalAnimals.MaternalDevelopmentalToxicity.EffectsOnPregnancyDuration): not specified
Effect levels (maternal animals)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 850 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No effects.
- Remarks on result:
- other: The dose refers to a single dose on one of the gestation days.
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 275 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- other: no effects.
- Remarks on result:
- other: The dose refers to 3 consecutive doses within the gestation days 7 to 15.
Maternal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- no effects observed
Results (fetuses)
- Fetal body weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- A lower foetal body weight was observed only when dosed at gestation Day 15.
- External malformations:
- no effects observed
- Skeletal malformations:
- no effects observed
- Visceral malformations:
- no effects observed
- Other effects:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Histopathological examinations.
Effect levels (fetuses)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 850 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: no effects
- Remarks on result:
- other: The dose refers to a single dose on one of the gestation days
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 275 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: no effects
- Remarks on result:
- other: The dose refers to 3 consecutive doses within the gestation days 7 to 15.
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- no effects observed
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- No significant skeletal, visceral or histopathological defects of the foetuses were observed.
- Executive summary:
Phenoxyacetic acid (and two structurally related compounds) were suspended in a 1:1 solution of honey:water and administered by gavage to pregnant mice on one of gestation days 8-15 (copulation plug day = day 1) or on three consecutive days (7-9, 10-12, or 13-15). Doses were 800-900 mg/kg for single and 250-300 mg/kg/day for multiple treatments. No increased prenatal mortality, and no decreased fetal weight were observed compared to the solvent controls. Low incidences, not gaining significance, of increased cleft palate or other gross malformations were seen in all treatment groups. Significant skeletal, visceral or histopathological defects were not observed.
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