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EC number: 200-926-7 | CAS number: 76-02-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- No analytical monitoring was performed to check the stability of the test item concentration during the study. However, this article reports a series of algal toxicity tests for different species. Analytical monitoring was performed on 2 species (not P. subcapitata) in BBM media and demonstrated that at 0 and 72h all test concentrations (0.1 - 100 mg/L) were within 80% of the nominal. As the test conditions were the same among the tests except the test media, it is expected that the test concentrations of TCA remains stable for the test with P. subcapitata.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Toxicity of haloacetic acids to freshwater algae
- Author:
- Roberts JF, van Egmond R, Price OR
- Year:
- 2 010
- Bibliographic source:
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73 (2010) 56–61
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- In the publication, GLP status is not mentioned, but the test is conducted following the guideline
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Trichloroacetic acid
- EC Number:
- 200-927-2
- EC Name:
- Trichloroacetic acid
- Cas Number:
- 76-03-9
- Molecular formula:
- C2HCl3O2
- IUPAC Name:
- trichloroacetic acid
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- The test chemical was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK.
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- A series of algal toxicity tests were conducted for different species. Analytical monitoring was performed on 2 species only (not P. subcapitata) and in BBM media.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Stock solution of 500 mg/L of TCA was prepared in purified water. The pH of the stock solution was adjusted to 7.0 +/- 0.5 using 1M NaOH to minimise the impact on media pH prior to the starting toxicity studies. The test chemical was soluble in water. Tests solutions were prepared by diluting the appropriate amount of stock solution with ISO media.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Laboratory culture of P. subcapitata (CCAP 278/4) was obtained from the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, Oban, Scotland, UK.
To ensure the algae were in the exponential growth phase when used to inoculate the test solutions, pre-inoculum cultures were prepared six days prior to the start of the test by suspending the algae in 150mL of relevant test medium. Three days prior to the start of the study, fresh inoculum cultures were prepared by adding the required volume of the pre-inoculum suspension to a further 150mL of growth medium to give a nominal cell density of 1 x 10E4 cells/mL. The inocula were maintained under test conditions until the start of the test. All cultures were visually inspected for contamination and only log-phase algae were used for starting the toxicity tests.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- ISO media
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Not reported.
- Test temperature:
- 23°C +/- 2°C
- pH:
- average at the start of the algal incubations : 7.58
average at the end of the algal incubations : 7.64 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- Not reported
- Conductivity:
- Not reported
- Details on test conditions:
- At the beginning of the test, each flask was inoculated with 1x10E4 cells/mL. Tests were carried out under continuous uniform illumination with a light intensity of ca.130 mE/m2 s. The temperature in the media during the test period was 23°C (+/- 2°C). The flasks were rotated at approximately 100 rpm to keep the cells in suspension and ensure an adequate gas exchange. Cell densities were determined at 0, 24, 48 and 72h using the Z2 Coulter Counter (Beckman Coulter,UK).
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 16.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% fudicial interval : 10 - 32.7 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% fudicial interval : 3.3 - 7.8 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- The biomass and growth rate for P. subcapitata exposed to TCA followed typical concentration–response relationships.
Validity criteria :
- The cell densities of P.subcapitata in the ISO media controls increased by182 fold.
- Coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates in control cultures (days 0–1, 1–2 and 2–3 days) : 14.1
- Coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures : 6.1 - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see the field "details of results"
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, the 72h NOEC was 3 mg/L and the 72h ErC50 was 16.2 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) on the growth of the freshwater green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Procedures used in this study followed the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals #201.
The 72-hour NOEC for growth rate was determined to be 3 mg/L. The 72-hour ErC50 value was determined to be 16.2 mg/L.
The OECD validation criteria were fulfilled.
In these test conditions, TCA is harmful to algae.
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