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EC number: 218-147-6 | CAS number: 2052-49-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Experimental test result performed using standard test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Straus
- Source: Own breeding at University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): The animals used for the test shall be less than 24 h old and should not be first brood progeny
- Feeding during test: No feeding
ACCLIMATION - No data available - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- ± 1 hr
- Test temperature:
- 20±1°C
- pH:
- sample concentration 80 mg/l : pH = 8.9 changed to pH=7.8 during the test
control pH = 8.0 changed to pH = 7.9 during the test - Dissolved oxygen:
- higher than 7.7 mg/L at the end of test
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration: 5.0 , 10.0 , 20.0 , 40.0 , 80.0 mg/l, respectively
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 ml glass vessel
- fill volume: 25 ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
Natural water (surface or ground water), reconstituted water or dechlorinated tap water are acceptable as culturing and dilution water if D. magna survives in it for the duration of the culturing, acclimation and testing without showing signs of stress. Waters in the range pH 6 to pH 9, with hardness between 140 mg/l and 275 mg/l (as CaCO3) are recommended.
As an example, the preparation of dilution water meeting the requirements is described below.
Dissolve known quantities of reagents in water. The dilution water prepared shall have a pH of 7.8 ± 0.5, a hardness of (225 ± 50) mg/l (expressed as CaCO3), a molar Ca + Mg ratio close to 4 + 1 and a dissolved oxygen concentration above 7 mg/l.
Prepare the solutions specified below:
- Calcium chloride solution: Dissolve 117.6 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Magnesium sulfate solution: Dissolve 49.3 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Sodium bicarbonate solution: Dissolve 25.9 g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Potassium chloride solution: Dissolve 2.3 g of potassium chloride (KCI) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
Mixing
Mix 2.5 ml of each of the four solutions and make up to 1 l with water.
The dilution water shall be aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration has reached saturation and the pH has stabilized. If necessary, adjust the pH to 7.8 ± 0.5 by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or hydrochloric acid (HCI). The dilution water prepared in this way shall not be further aerated before use.
- Sodium hydroxide solution, e.g. [NaOH] : 1 mol/l.
- Hydrochloric acid, e.g. [HCl] : 1 mol/l.
Reference substance:
Dissolve 600 mg of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in water and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no adjustment done
- Photoperiod: No - Darkness
- Light intensity:
CALCULATION:
EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 16.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI 14.7 - 18.6 mg/l
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid
- EC50: 0.73 mg/L (24 hours) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the immobility of aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna due to the test chemical exposure after 48 hours, the effect concentration (EC50 value) was determined to be 16.5 mg/L. As the chemical is readily biodegradable in water, thus on the basis of biodegadability criteria, test chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
- Executive summary:
An acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the short term toxicity of test chemical to aquatic invertebrate. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test). Daphnia magna was used a test organism. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. 5.0 , 10.0 , 20.0 , 40.0 , 80.0 mg/l, respectively nominal concentrations were used in this study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours and conducted under the static system. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. Based on the immobilisation of Daphnia magna due to the exposure of test chemical for 48 hours, the EC50 value was determine to be 16.5 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value, substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrate and can be classified as chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria. The test substance is rapidly degradable in aquatic environment , hence it can be considered to have no adverseeffect on aquatic environment and can not be classified as per CLP criteria.
Reference
Description of key information
An acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the short term toxicity of test chemical to aquatic invertebrate. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test). Daphnia magna was used a test organism. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. 5.0 , 10.0 , 20.0 , 40.0 , 80.0 mg/l, respectively nominal concentrations were used in this study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours and conducted under the static system. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. Based on the immobilisation of Daphnia magna due to the exposure of test chemical for 48 hours, the EC50 value was determine to be 16.5 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value, substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrate and can be classified as chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria. The test substance is rapidly degradable in aquatic environment , hence it can be considered to have no adverseeffect on aquatic environment and can not be classified as per CLP criteria.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 16.5 mg/L
Additional information
Data available for the test chemicals and structually and functionally similar read across chemicals have been reviewed to determine the short term toxicity of the test chemical on aquatic invertebrates.The studies are as mentioned below:
An acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the short term toxicity of test chemical to aquatic invertebrate. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test). Daphnia magna was used a test organism. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. 5.0 , 10.0 , 20.0 , 40.0 , 80.0 mg/l, respectively nominal concentrations were used in this study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours and conducted under the static system. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. Based on the immobilisation of Daphnia magna due to the exposure of test chemical for 48 hours, the EC50 value was determine to be 16.5 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value, substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrate and can be classified as chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria. The test substance is rapidly degradable in aquatic environment , hence it can be considered to have no adverseeffect on aquatic environment and can not be classified as per CLP criteria.
Above study further supported by the second study from experimental source. An acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs to determine the short term toxicity of test chemical on aquatic invertebrate. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test). Daphnia magna was used a test organism. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/l, respectively nominal concentrations were used in this study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours and conducted under the static system. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. Based on the immobilisation of Daphnia magna due to the exposure of test chemical for 48 hours, the EC50 value was determine to be 9.9 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value, substance consider to be toxic but as the classification also depends on the biodegradation rate and the test chemical consider to be readily biodegradable in water, thus on the basis of readily biodegradable criteria, chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
Similar acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the short term toxicity of test chemical to aquatic invertebrate. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test). Daphnia magna was used a test organism. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. 0, 6.2, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/l, respectively nominal concentrations were used in this study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours and conducted under the static system. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. Based on the immobilisation of Daphnia magna due to the exposure of test chemical for 48 hours, the EC50 value was determine to be 18.7 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value, substance consider to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrate and can be classified as chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria. But as the test chemical was rapidly degradable in aquatic environment , hence it is considered that test chemical have no adverse effect on aquatic environment and cannot be classified as per CLP classification criteria.
Hence by considering all data from various sources, test chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.
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