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EC number: 941-154-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- see read-across document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 6.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: E. albidus
- Details on results:
- . It should be noted that these studies report worst case exposures due to the use of a sandy test soil and the fact that LAS was added as an aqueous solution to the soil. In addition, too few replicates were used for the ECx approach (e.g., <5 controls) and several key deviations from draft protocols limited the reliability of endpoints for some studies (e.g., A. caliginosa and A. longa cocoon production). Nominal concentrations were derived from tables and figures since actual values were not found in the text.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 21-day EC10 to E. albidus was 6.2 mg/kg dry weight.
- Executive summary:
Adult E. albidus (10) were placed in soil containing the test substance for 21 days. The adults were removed, and the cocoons incubated in the soil for another 21 days. The juveniles were then counted. The 21-day EC10 to E. albidus was 6.2 mg/kg dry weight.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- see read-across document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 46 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: A. caliginosa
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- >= 120 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: E. crypticus
- Details on results:
- No toxicity to E. crypticus was seen at any dose level, including the highest dose level of 120 mg/kg soil. A dose-related inhibition of cocoon production was seen in A. caliginosa at the highest concentration of 150 mg/kg soil.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC10 for A. caliginosa was 46 mg/kg soil. The EC10 for E. crypticus was >=120 mg/kg soil.
- Executive summary:
Groups of A. caliginosa were exposed to soil containing 25 -150 mg/kg soil of LAS for 28 days. Groups of E. crypticus were exposed to concentrations of 0, 10, 40, 60, 80, 100, or 120 mg/kg soil (nominal). EC10 values based on reproduction were 46 mg/kg soil for A. caliginosa, and >= 120 mg/kg soil for E. crypticus.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- see read-across document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 250 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: body weight
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 277 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: body weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: EC10 was not reported in original study report, but later calculated using study results using the method of Vanewijk, PH, and Hoekstra, JA, 1993. Calculation of the EC50 and its confidence interval when subtoxic stimulus is present. Ecotoxicol. Environ
- Details on results:
- There was 5% mortality at the 1000 mg/kg dw concentration on day 14. Body weight was decreased in the 500 and 1000 mg/kg dw groups by 23 and 33% respectively. The 1000 mg/kg dw group also showed lethargy and burrowing was also affected. Cocoon production was diminished in the 250 mg/kg dw group, and inhibited at higher concentrations.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 14-day LC50 to earthworms was > 1000 mg/kg dw soil. The 14-day NOEC was 250 mg/kg dw soil.
- Executive summary:
Groups of earthworms were exposed to concentrations of 0, 63, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg dw for 14 days. The test animals were examined for mortality, behaviour, health, and reproduction on days 7 and 14. 5% mortality was seen at the highest concentration. Effects to health were seen at the 500 and 1000 mg/kg dw concentrations. The 14 -day LC50 was > 1000 mg/kg dw, and the NOEC was 250 mg/kg dw.
Referenceopen allclose all
The following table shows the results of all tests. All values are nominal LAS concentrations in mg/kg dry weight.
Species |
Parameter |
NOEC |
LOEC |
LC10 or EC10 |
LC50 or EC50 |
Relia-bility Rating |
Rationale for Reliability Rating |
Enchytraeus albidus |
Survival, adults Reproduction |
198 20 |
397 40 |
194 6 |
430 41 |
1 1 |
Draft ISO/WD 16387 protocol |
Aporrectodea caliginosa |
Survival, adults Cocoon production Survival, juveniles Growth, juveniles |
278 >793 >397 278 |
793 >793 >397 397 |
329 14 >397 105 |
535 129 >397 354 |
2 3 2 2 |
Comparable to ISO 11268-2 Deviations; limited cocoons Comparable to ISO 11268-2, but with only weight measurement |
Aporrectodea longa |
Survival, adults Cocoon production Survival, juveniles Growth, juveniles |
278 >793 397 79 |
793 >793 793 278 |
329 27 296 84 |
535 137 517 349 |
2 3 2 2 |
Comparable to ISO 11268-2 Deviations; limited cocoons Comparable to ISO 11268-2, but with only weight measurement |
Folsomia fimetaria |
Survival, adults Reproduction |
>793 278 |
>793 278 |
>793 85 |
>793 424 |
1 1 |
Comparable to ISO 11267 |
Hypogastrura assimilis |
Reproduction |
79 |
278 |
99 |
421 |
1 |
Comparable to ISO 11267 |
Hypoaspis aculeifer |
Survival, adults Reproduction |
>793 278 |
>793 793 |
>793 82 |
>793 236 |
2 2 |
No guideline available |
Mortality and Weight Loss of Earthworms
Concentration |
Number of |
% Weight Loss |
||
(mg/kg dw) |
Day 0 |
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 0-14 |
Control |
40 |
40 |
40 |
14 |
63 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
5 |
125 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
6 |
250 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
5 |
500 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
23 |
1000 |
40 |
38 |
37 |
33 |
Description of key information
A series of studies have been conducted on soil macroorganisms using the read across substance LAS.
NOECs or EC10s for oligochaetes and arthropods varied from 27-250 and 41-320 mg/kg soil, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil macroorganisms:
- 71.7 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
A series of studies have been conducted on soil macroorganisms using the read across substance LAS. The primary route of entry for the read across substance into the terrestrial environment is land application of sewage sludge intended as an amendment to agricultural lands. A large number of terrestrial ecotoxicology studies were reviewed by Jensen et al. (2007) to develop a European wide risk assessment of LAS in agricultural soils. Nine invertebrate species, three oligochaetes and six arthropods, have been evaluated in chronic toxicity to LAS in soil. Endpoints were all considered sensitive for these taxa. Only growth and reproduction endpoints were used in the PNEC derivation for soil. Effects on oligochaetes and arthropods were highly overlapping. NOECs or EC10s for oligochaetes and arthropods varied from 27-250 and 41-320 mg/kg soil, respectively. Key studies on the oligochaete Aporroectodea caliginosa and the springtail Folsomia fimeteria were conducted by Holmstrup and Krogh (1996) and Holmstrup et al. (2001) in several soil types including sand, loam and clay with varying dominant cations. A. calignosa had EC10s that ranged from 44-105 with a geometric mean of 71.7 mg/kg soil for the growth endpoint (most sensitive) and F. fimeteria had EC10s that ranged from 85-161 mg/kg soil for the reproduction endpoint (most sensitive).
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