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EC number: 201-983-0 | CAS number: 90-30-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effects of acute and chronic exposures to the test compounds on viability, growth and metamorphosis were evaluated. Also teratogenic effects were followed. Exposure was accomplished by placing batches of 50 to 100 embryos in 1 litre of aged tap water containg the test substance. Larval stages were tested in groups of 50 to 100 in 100 litre aquaria.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine is relatively insoluble in water. In order to bring as much test material in solution as possible and to avoid undissolved particles adhering to embryos and larvae solutions were prepared in the following manner. 2 g of test substance were added to 1L of water. The suspension was agitated on a reciprocating shaker for 24 to 96h and then filtered. - Aquatic vertebrate type (other than fish):
- frog
- Test organisms (species):
- Rana pipiens
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Leopard frog
- Source: purchased from Hazen, Alburg, Vemont
- Method of breeding: Adults maintained at 5°C without feeding. Female R. pipiens were induced to ovulate by injection of pituitary extract. Eggs were inseminated by standard techniques (Rugh, 1962). Embryos (from fertilisation until feeding) and larvae (emerged from external membranes and feeding) were staged acc. to Shumway (1940). Embryos were dejellied in a solution of 3% cysteine, 0.1% papain, pH 8.0 and grown in aged or dechlorinated tap water in 19 cm inner diameter bowls at a density of 100 embryos/L. Post hatching stages were grown in 30 gal all-glas aquaria at a density of one animal per litre. Rana larvae were fed boiled lettuce. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- no total exposure time given; two test conducted; in one the exposure time was at least 48 h, in a second test until embryo developmental stage 20 was reached
- Test temperature:
- not specified
- pH:
- not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 20, 200 mg/L (nominal) (suspension in 1st test)
> 5 mg/L (nominal) (solution in 2nd test) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: 1L container (emryos), 100L aquaria (larvae)
- No. of organisms per concentration: 100 and 125
- No. of organisms per control: 100 and 125 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effects of acute and chronic exposures to the test compounds on viability, growth and metamorphosis were evaluated. Also teratogenic effects were followed. Exposure was accomplished by placing batches of 50 to 100 embryos in 1 litre of aged tap water containg the test substance. Larval stages were tested in groups of 50 to 100 in 100 litre aquaria.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine is relatively insoluble in water. In order to bring as much test material in solution as possible and to avoid undissolved particles adhering to embryos and larvae solutions were prepared in the following manner. 2 g of test substance were added to 1L of water. The suspension was agitated on a reciprocating shaker for 24 to 96h and then filtered. - Aquatic vertebrate type (other than fish):
- frog
- Test organisms (species):
- Xenopus laevis
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: South African clawed toad
- Source: captured in drainage ditches in Costa Mesa, California or purchased from South African Snake Farm, Fish Hoek, Cape Province, South Africa
- Method of breeding: Adults maintained in glass aquaria at room temperature and fed Purina Trout Chow twice weekly. Fertilised eggs were obtained by injecting pairs of frogs with human chorionic gonadotropin (Sigma) by standard laboratory techniques (Brown, 1970). Embryos (from fertilisation until feeding) and larvae (emerged from external membranes and feeding) were staged acc. to Nieuwkoop & Faber (1956). Embryos were dejellied in a solution of 3% cysteine, 0.1% papain, pH 8.0 and grown in aged or dechlorinated tap water in 19 cm inner diameter bowls at a density of 100 embryos/L. Post hatching stages were grown in 30 gal all-glas aquaria at a density of one animal per litre. Xenopus larvae were fed yeast. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 168 h
- Hardness:
- not specified
- Test temperature:
- not specified
- pH:
- not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 5.6, 6.2, 7.12 mg/L (measured) (solution in 1st test)
100 mg/L (nominal) (solution in 2nd test)
20, 200 mg/L (nominal) (suspension in 3rd test) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: 1L container (emryos), 100L aquaria (larvae)
- No. of organisms per concentration: 36 - 85
- No. of organisms per control: 90 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The objective of this study was to ascertain whether the test compound is a teratogen
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine is relatively insoluble in water. In order to bring as much test material in solution as possible and to avoid undissolved particles solutions were prepared in the following manner. The test substance was added to water. The suspension was agitated on a reciprocating shaker for various periods of time and then filtered. - Aquatic vertebrate type (other than fish):
- frog
- Test organisms (species):
- Rana pipiens
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Leopard frog
- Source: purchased from Hazen, Alburg, Vemont
- Method of breeding: Adults maintained at 5°C without feeding. Female R. pipiens were induced to ovulate by injection of pituitary extract. Eggs were inseminated by standard techniques (Rugh, 1962). Embryos (from fertilisation until feeding) and larvae (emerged from external membranes and feeding) were staged acc. to Shumway (1940). Embryos were dejellied in a solution of 3% cysteine, 0.1% papain, pH 8.0 and grown in aged or dechlorinated tap water in 19 cm inner diameter bowls at a density of 100 embryos/L. Post hatching stages were grown in 30 gal all-glas aquaria at a density of one animal per litre. Rana larvae were fed boiled lettuce. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Test temperature:
- not specified
- pH:
- not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 20, 200 mg/L (nominal) (suspension)
- Details on test conditions:
- not specified
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 4 - <= 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- morphology
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The objective of this study was to ascertain whether the test compound is a teratogen
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine is relatively insoluble in water. In order to bring as much test material in solution as possible and to avoid undissolved particles solutions were prepared in the following manner. The test substance was added to water. The suspension was agitated on a reciprocating shaker for various periods of time and then filtered. - Aquatic vertebrate type (other than fish):
- frog
- Test organisms (species):
- Xenopus laevis
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: South African clawed toad
- Source: captured in drainage ditches in Costa Mesa, California or purchased from South African Snake Farm, Fish Hoek, Cape Province, South Africa
- Method of breeding: Adults maintained in glass aquaria at room temperature and fed Purina Trout Chow twice weekly. Fertilised eggs were obtained by injecting pairs of frogs with human chorionic gonadotropin (Sigma) by standard laboratory techniques (Brown, 1970). Embryos (from fertilisation until feeding) and larvae (emerged from external membranes and feeding) were staged acc. to Nieuwkoop & Faber (1956). Embryos were dejellied in a solution of 3% cysteine, 0.1% papain, pH 8.0 and grown in aged or dechlorinated tap water in 19 cm inner diameter bowls at a density of 50-100 embryos/L. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- not specified
- Test temperature:
- not specified
- pH:
- not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 6 mg/L (measured)
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 4 - <= 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- morphology
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effects of exposures to the test compounds on viability and teratogenity were observed.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine is relatively insoluble in water. In order to bring as much test material in solution as possible and to avoid undissolved particles adhering to embryos and larvae solutions were prepared in the following manner. The dry test substance was added to water. The suspension was agitated on a reciprocating shaker and then filtered. - Aquatic vertebrate type (other than fish):
- frog
- Test organisms (species):
- Xenopus laevis
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: South African clawed toad
- Source: captured in drainage ditches in Costa Mesa, California or purchased from South African Snake Farm, Fish Hoek, Cape Province, South Africa
- Method of breeding: Adults maintained in glass aquaria at room temperature and fed Purina Trout Chow twice weekly. Fertilised eggs were obtained by injecting pairs of frogs with human chorionic gonadotropin (Sigma) by standard laboratory techniques (Brown, 1970). Embryos (from fertilisation until feeding) and larvae (emerged from external membranes and feeding) were staged acc. to Nieuwkoop & Faber (1956). Embryos were dejellied in a solution of 3% cysteine, 0.1% papain, pH 8.0 and grown in aged or dechlorinated tap water in 19 cm inner diameter bowls at a density of 100 embryos/L. Post hatching stages were grown in 100L aquaria at a density of one animal per litre. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- 48h to determine LC50; exposure time to determine teratogenic effects was from blastula stage until hatching
- Test temperature:
- not specified
- pH:
- not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/L (measured) (actute test)
3.0, 4.0, 4.5, 5.3, 6.0, 6.8, 7.5 mg/L (measured) (teratogenicity test) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: 1L container (emryos), 100L aquaria (larvae)
- No. of organisms per concentration: 36 - 85
- No. of organisms per control: 90 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 1.96 - 2.76
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.57 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- morphology
- Remarks:
- malformations
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 3.93 - 5.30
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
Referenceopen allclose all
N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine is toxic to larvae and embryos of Rana pipiens. In a test with embryos (table 1 below) were exposed to nominal concentrations of 20 and 200 mg/L. Embryos showed no effects until they reached stage 18, a stage which is characterised by motor reactions to external stimuli. If kept in contact with the test substance embryos developed further to stage 20 (characterised by beating heart and blood circulation in external gills) at which point development was arrested, Continued exposure resulted in death.
In a second test larvae were grown in lethal concentrations of the test material for 48 h in concentrations >= 5mg/L. Up to 24 h all larvae survived, wheras within the next 24 h all larvae died.
These results show that embryonic stages are less impermeable for the test substance than the larval stages.
Since the solubility of the substance increases with time and temperature a given amount of the test substance will be more toxic in warm than in cold water and in standing than in running water.
Table 1: Effect of exposure of Rana pipiens embryos to suspensions of N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine
Treatment |
Number of embryos exposed |
Number of embryos surviving |
|||
Stage 10 (dorsal lip) |
Stage 14 (neurula) |
Stage 18 (muscular response) |
Stage 20 (heart beat) |
||
Control |
100 |
100 |
100 |
97 |
90 |
20 mg/L |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
0 |
200 mg/L |
100 |
100 |
100 |
96 |
0 |
N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine is toxic to larvae and embryos of Xenopus laevis. In a test with larvae (table 1 below) exposure of the larvae to concentrations up to 5.6 mg/L produced no observable effects. Concentrations greater than 5.6 mg/L were teratogenic. The exposure of larvae to this sublethal concentration of N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine resulted in retardation of growth and abnormal development. Malformed larvae died before completing metamorphosis. The syndrome of anomalies was complex, affecting the head and trunk. Concentrations >= 6.2 mg/L were lethal with no surviving larvae after 24 h. Swimming activity decreased during the first hour of exposure and ceased by the end of the second hour. Continued exposure led to a gradual decrease in heart rate which eventually became irregular. Death occured within 24 h.
In a second test (table 2 below) larvae were grown in lethal concentrations of the test material for certain time intervals, then transferred into uncontaminated water and survival observed. Survivers usually developed normal, however, the survival rate was inversely proportional to duration of exposure.
In a third test embryos were exposed to nominal concentrations of 20 and 200 mg/L of the test substance and the developmental stages of the embryos was followed. Embryos showed no effects until they reached stage 24, a stage which is characterised by motor reactions to external stimuli. If kept in contact with the test substance embryos failed to develop further.
These results show that embryonic stages are less impermeable for the test substance than the larval stages.
Since the solubility of the substance increases with time and temperature a given amount of the test substance will be more toxic in warm than in cold water and in standing than in running water.
Table1: Effect of exposure to solutions (100 mg/L, 48 h-shaking, room temp., filtered) of amines on viability of Xenopus larvae
|
Concentration (mg/L) |
Number of larvae exposed |
Number of larvae surviving |
|
24 h |
168 h |
|||
Control |
0 |
90 |
84 |
82 |
N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine |
5.6 |
85 |
85 |
80 |
6.2 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
|
7.12 |
36 |
0 |
0 |
Table2: Effect of varying lengths of exposure to N-Phenyl-alpha-Naphthylamine on survival of Xenopus-larvae
Length of exposure |
Number of larvae exposed |
Number of larvae surviving |
|||
1 day |
5 days |
12 days |
20 days |
||
Control |
150 |
150 |
147 |
145 |
138 |
12 h |
50 |
41 |
41 |
41 |
41 |
24 h |
150 |
111 |
109 |
97 |
92 |
30 h |
100 |
100 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
36 h |
100 |
100 |
7 |
7 |
0 |
96 h |
100 |
100 |
22 |
19 |
2 |
Exposure to N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine resulted in teratogenesis and increased mortality. Of 100 embryos exposed to each of the two concentrations 100 showed malformations, i.e. 100%. Although the relative sensitivity of the eggs to N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine varied from clutch to clutch, this compound was teratogenic to all clutches of eggs tested.
All known teratogens have a "critical period" of development during which they exert their toxic effects. Exposure to the compound at other developmental stages may be lethal but rarely leads to congenital defects. N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine conforms to this pattern. Embryos exposed during neurulation become malformed. Exposure of earlier or later stages may be toxic but is not teratogenic. The syndrome of malformations induced by exposure of frog neurulae to the test substance typically includes shortening of the trunk and intestinal tract and edema.
Exposure to N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine resulted in teratogenesis and increased mortality. Of 176 embryos exposed 167 showed malformations, i.e. 94.8%. Although the relative sensitivity of the eggs to N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine varied from clutch to clutch, this compound was teratogenic to all clutches of eggs tested.
All known teratogens have a "critical period" of development during which they exert their toxic effects. Exposure to the compound at other developmental stages may be lethal but rarely leads to congenital defects. N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine conforms to this pattern. Embryos exposed during neurulation become malformed. Exposure of earlier or later stages may be toxic but is not teratogenic. The syndrome of malformations induced by exposure of frog neurulae to the test substance typically includes shortening of the trunk and intestinal tract and edema.
Table: Effect of N-Phenyl-alpha-Naphthylamine on viability of Xenopus larvae
Exp. No. |
Concentration in mg/L |
||||||
|
1.0 |
1.25 |
1.5 |
1.75 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
dead/total |
||||||
1 |
0/100 |
2/100 |
0/25 |
13/44 |
77/77 |
52/52 |
5/5 |
2 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
2/100 |
0/25 |
20/30 |
0/5 |
10/10 |
3 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
3/10 |
2/100 |
15/27 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
4 |
7/20 |
0/10 |
8/10 |
0/10 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
5 |
0/10 |
0/11 |
0/10 |
8/9 |
0/5 |
11/11 |
|
6 |
0/10 |
|
0/10 |
|
6/10 |
10/10 |
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
24/53 |
|
|
Totals |
7/160 |
2/141 |
13/165 |
23/188 |
142/297 |
83/93 |
26/30 |
% Dead |
4.3 |
1.4 |
7.8 |
12.2 |
47.8 |
89.2 |
86.6 |
Table: Teratogenic effect of N-Phenyl-alpha-Naphthylamine on Xenopus embryos (embryos were continuously exposed to this compound from blastula until hatching at which time the number of malformed embryos/total number of embryos exposed was recorded)
Exp. No. |
Concentration in mg/L |
||||||
|
3.0 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
5.3 |
6.0 |
6.8 |
7.5 |
|
malformations/total |
||||||
1 |
15/100 |
34/100 |
100/100 |
148/292 |
80/85 |
17/17 |
73/73 |
2 |
|
18/105 |
17/100 |
116/219 |
87/91 |
|
10/10 |
3 |
|
4/79 |
41/82 |
0/50 |
115/115 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
21/21 |
|
|
Totals |
15/100 |
56/284 |
158/282 |
264/561 |
303/312 |
17/17 |
83/83 |
% Dead |
15 |
20 |
56 |
47 |
97 |
100 |
100 |
Description of key information
Additional information
The toxicity and teratogenic effects of N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine to amphibians were investigated in several studies with Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis (Greenhouse 1976 a,b; 1977). Aqueous exposure resulted in teratogenesis and increased mortality with an 48h-LC50 value of 2.3 mg/L and an 48h-EC50 value of 4.57 mg/L for morphological malformations in Xenopus laevis. Another study yielded a NOEC of 5.6 mg/L. Teratogenic effects were observed at 5.6 mg/L. Among the observed effects were retardation of growth and abnormal development. Concentrations above 6.2 mg/L were lethal after 24 hours.
All known teratogens have a "critical period" of development during which they exert their toxic effects. Exposure to the compound at other developmental stages may be lethal but rarely leads to congenital defects. N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine conforms to this pattern. Embryos exposed during neurulation become malformed. Exposure of earlier or later stages may be toxic but is not teratogenic. The syndrome of malformations induced by exposure of frog neurulae to the test substance typically includes shortening of the trunk and intestinal tract and edema. Since the effect values did not show to be lower than the effect values obtained for the standard test organisms, the data are not considered for hazard and risk assesment of the test substance.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.