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EC number: 943-098-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional physico-chemical information
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- other: Dispersion in BSA water
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Nanogentox protocol
- Version / remarks:
- May 18th, 2010; IN SUPPORT OF PROSPECT: Ecotoxicology Test Protocols for Representative Nanomaterials in Support of the OECD Sponsorship Programme
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Results:
- Following sonication using the NANOGENTOX dispersion protocol, the test material did not disperse in the 0.05% BSA-water solution. The test material clumped together in clearly visible agglomerates and stuck to the slides of the vial. It was obvious that the test material was not in suspension because liquid clearly moved away from the material when the vial was tilted.
- Conclusions:
- This study demonstrated that the test material Tuball™ is not suitable for use with the NANOGENTOX dispersion protocol as it was not possible to create a stable suspension of the test material.
- Endpoint:
- other: Prepartion of a homogenous and stable disperion for in vitro mutagenicity testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other:
- Version / remarks:
- NANOGENOTOX protocol- part 4
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Results:
- Following several attempt to prepare stable homogenous solutions/dispersions of Tuball single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in test media, required to perform in vitro mutagenicity studies (see section on mutagenicity in this dossier), that all failed at the institute that was supposed to perform the in vitro studies, it was decided to consult internationally recognized specialist for handling nanomaterial in such media and establish a collaboration between these specialists and the testing facility.
To this end, a part of the test sample was shipped to the laboratory of The Talmon Group in Israel, which is well known and recognized for handling nanomaterial and cooperated in the development. Their task was to try, based on their experience with nanomaterial samples, to find a methodology to establish stable and homogenous solutions of SWCNT in BSA (bovine serum albumin) water, that could be used for performing in vitro mutagenicity tests.
However, also at the Talmon group, despite several attempts to find a way to prepare a stable solution (Jan – Jul 2019) such attempt did fail as reported here:
We used sterile filtered 0.05% w/v BSA-water as the dispersion medium (prepared by NANOGENOTOX protocol- part 4). We weighed 15.36 mg of CNTs powder and used 30 μL of 96% purity ethanol for pre-wetting of the CNTs. Then 970 μL of 0.05% w/v BSA-water was added to the pre-wetted CNTs by pipette, while slowly rotating. Then the remaining 5 ml of 0.05% w/v BSA-water was added to the vial.
The vial was placed on ice for 10 minutes. We sonicated with a probe-sonicator to deliver the requested amount of energy, according to the GENOTOX protocol (7056 Joule).
The CNTs remained aggregated at the bottom of the vial, with no visible dispersion. - Conclusions:
- Attempt to prepare a stable and homogenous solution of Tuball SWCNT in BSA water, performed at the Talmon Group in Israel did fail and no dispersion/solution, suitable for in vitro mutagenicity testing could be prepared (Nanogenotox protocol).
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Following several attempt to prepare stable homogenous solutions/dispersions of Tuball™single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in test media, required to perform in vitro mutagenicity studies (see section on mutagenicity in this dossier), that all failed at the institute that was supposed to perform the in vitro studies, it was decided to consult internationally recognized specialist for handling nanomaterial in such media and establish a collaboration between these specialists and the testing facility.
To this end, a part of the test sample was shipped to the laboratory of The Talmon Group in Israel, which is well known and recognized for handling nanomaterial and cooperated in the development. Their task was to try, based on their experience with nanomaterial samples, to find a methodology to establish stable and homogenous solutions of SWCNT in BSA (bovine serum albumin)water, that could be used for performing in vitro mutagenicity tests.
However, also at the Talmon group, despite several attempts to find a way to prepare a stable solution (Jan – Jul 2019) such attempt did fail as reported here.
In parallel equal samples of the test material were provided to the In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK, well experienced in using the Nanogentox protocol, which was established specifically for the purpose of investigating nanomaterials in mutagenicity studies.
The NANOGENTOX dispersion protocol was developed as part of the Executive Agency for Health and Consumers (EAHC) NANOGENOTOX project. Its purpose was to provide toxicological laboratories with a Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) for batch preparation of nanomaterials for in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing. The utility of the NANOGENOTOX protocol was demonstrated in a five-laboratory interlaboratory comparison study and implemented as a mandatory protocol for in vitro studies in the EU FP7 NANoREG project. It has also been used for numerous in vivo toxicological studies in rodents where BSA may be exchanged with the species specific (e.g., mouse and rat) serum albumin.
Both labs, coordinated by In Vitro connect and in collaboration with the laboratory TOXI-COOP ZRT in Hungary, having made own investigations, in order to perform in vitro mutagenicity studies according to OECD 473 and 476, failed to prepare stable homogenous solutions of Tuball™ Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs), thus, confirming the initial findings of TOXI-COOP ZRT (see section on mutagenicity). Thus, it can be concluded that it is not technically feasible to prepare stable homogenous solutions of the test material Tuball™ Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) and in conclusion, in vitro mutagenicity studies cannot be performed with this material.
Additional information
The complete summary report on the attempts to create a stable and homogenous dispersion in the different laboratories involved is attached to this endpoint summary for reference, including pictures taken.
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