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EC number: 218-002-7 | CAS number: 2035-93-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 352.6 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The DNEL for systemic effects in workers after long-term inhalation exposure to 4-methyl-4-phenylpentan-2-ol was derived via route-to-route extrapolation from the NOAEL obtained in the sub acute (28-day) oral repeated dose toxicity study in rats (400 mg/kg bw/day). To convert the oral NOAEL in rats to an inhalation NOAEC in humans, a rat default respiratory volume was used corresponding to the daily duration of human exposure (sRVrat: 0.38m3/kg bw/8h). For workers a correction was added for the difference between respiratory rates under standard conditions (sRVhuman: 6.7 m3 for an 8h exposure period) and under conditions of light activity (wRV: 10 m3 for an 8h exposure period); extrapolation from 50% bioavailability oral to 100% bioavailability inhalation. Therefore, inhalatory NOAEC = oral NOAEL*(1/sRVrat 8h)*(ABSoral/ABSinh)*(sRVhuman/wRV) OR 400*(1/0.38)*(50/100)*(6.7/10) = 352.6. Therefore, DNEL = Corrected inhalation NOAEC (352.6 mg/m3)*(1/75{Overall AF}) = 4.7 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required as starting point is NOAEC
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- subacute to chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- not required for concentrations
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default factor for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.33 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 400 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The DNEL for systemic effects in workers after long-term dermal exposure to 4-methyl-4-phenylpentan-2-ol was derived via route-to-route extrapolation from the NOAEL of 400 mg/kg bw/d obtained in the sub acute (28-day) oral repeated dose toxicity study in rats. Therefore, DNEL = 400 mg/kg bw/day*(1/6{exposure duration sub acute to chronic}*4{allometric scaling rat-human}*2.5{interspecies differences}*5{intraspecies differences-worker population}) = 1.33 mg/kg bw/day. This is considered to be the worst-case scenario assuming 100% dermal absorption hence 100% bioavailability and systemic exposure at this level.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required as starting point is NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub acute to a chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- allometric scaling rat-human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- intraspecies differences-worker population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- not required
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
The basis for the inhalation and dermal DNEL for worker exposure is an oral 28 day toxicity study with 4-methyl-4 - phenylpentan-2-ol , from which a NOEL of 100 mg/kg bw/day and a NOAEL of 400 mg/kg bw/day were identified. There were also no adverse effects observed at 400 mg/kg bw/day in a reproductive toxicity study of a longer duration period (approximately 42 days in males and 49 days in females). In the 28-day toxicity study some mild and transient effects were observed at the highest dose of 400mg/kg bw/day and so the NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) was determined to be the lower dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day. However, the increase of kidney weights at 400 mg/kg is considered to be the result of a hyperplasia caused by an increased metabolic activity for the metabolism and/or elimination of the test item. A cytotoxic effect on the kidney is excluded because an elevation of appropriate systemic enzyme activities was not observed and there were also no macroscopic pathological or histological findings in this tissue. The other findings at 400 mg/kg/day including short term transient neurological effects in a few animals immediately post dosing, were not seen in the longer duration reproductive toxicity study and so were not considered to be toxicologically significant. The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) of 400 mg/kg bw/day was used as the basis of the DNEL calculations using appropriate assessment factors for relevant indicators including route to route extrapolation, allometric scaling, exposure duration and study length.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.2 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 173.9 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The DNEL for systemic effects in general population after long-term inhalation exposure to 4-methyl-4-phenylpentan-2-ol was derived via route-to-route extrapolation from the NOAEL obtained in the sub acute (28-day) oral repeated dose toxicity study in rats (400 mg/kg bw/day). To convert oral rat NOAEL into inhalatory NOAEC in humans, a rat default respiratory volume was used corresponding to the daily duration of human exposure (sRVrat: 1.15 m3/kg bw/24h); extrapolation from 50% bioavailability oral to 100% bioavailability inhalation. Therefore, the corrected inhalation NOAEC for general population is oral NOAEL*(1/sRVrat 24h)*(ABSoral/ABSinh) or 400*(1/1.15)*(50/100) = 173.9 mg/m3. Therefore, DNEL = Corrected inhalation NOAEC (173.9 mg/m3)*(1/150{Overall AF}) = 1.2 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required as starting point is NOAEC
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Subacute to chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required for concentrations
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default factor for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.67 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 400 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The DNEL for systemic effects in the general population after long-term dermal exposure to 4-methyl-4-phenylpentan-2-ol was derived via route-to-route extrapolation from the NOAEL of 400 mg/kg bw/day obtained in the sub acute (28-day) oral repeated dose toxicity study in rats. Therefore, DNEL = 400 mg/kg bw/day*(1/6{exposure duration sub acute to chronic}*4{allometric scaling rat-human}*2.5{interspecies differences}*10{intraspecies differences-general population}) = 0.67 mg/kg bw/day. This is considered to be the worst-case scenario assuming 100% dermal absorption hence 100% bioavailability and systemic exposure at this level.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required as starting point is NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Subacute to chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Allometric scaling rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default factor for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.67 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 400 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required as starting point is NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Subacute to chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Allometric scaling rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor for remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default factor for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
The basis for the inhalation and dermal DNEL for general population exposure is an oral 28 day toxicity study with 4-methyl-4 - phenylpentan-2-ol , from which a NOEL of 100 mg/kg bw/day and a NOAEL of 400 mg/kg bw/day were identified. There were also no adverse effects observed at 400 mg/kg bw/day in a reproductive toxicity study of a longer duration period (approximately 42 days in males and 49 days in females). In the 28-day toxicity study some mild and transient effects were observed at the highest dose of 400 mg/kg bw/day and so the NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) was determined to be the lower dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day. However, the increase of kidney weights at 400 mg/kg is considered to be the result of a hyperplasia caused by an increased metabolic activity for the metabolism and/or elimination of the test item. A cytotoxic effect on the kidney is excluded because an elevation of appropriate systemic enzyme activities was not observed and there were also no macroscopic pathological or histological findings in this tissue. The other findings at 400 mg/kg/day including short term transient neurological effects in a few animals immediately post dosing, were not seen in the longer duration reproductive toxicity study and so were not considered to be toxicologically significant. The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) of 400 mg/kg bw/day was used as the basis of the DNEL calculations using appropriate assessment factors for relevant indicators including route to route extrapolation, allometric scaling, exposure duration and study length.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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