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EC number: 209-057-8 | CAS number: 554-00-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- significant methodological deficiencies
- Remarks:
- concentrations tested not given
Data source
Reference
- Title:
- Acute toxicity of organic chemicals to Gammarus pulex correlates with sensitivity
of Daphnia magna across most modes of action - Author:
- Roman Ashauera, Anita Hintermeister, Eva Potthoff, Beate I. Escher
- Year:
- 2 011
- Bibliographic source:
- Aquatic Toxicology 103 (2011) 38–45
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,4-dichloroaniline
- EC Number:
- 209-057-8
- EC Name:
- 2,4-dichloroaniline
- Cas Number:
- 554-00-7
- Molecular formula:
- C6H5Cl2N
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,4-dichloroaniline
- Details on test material:
- concentration 99 %
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- counting of radioactivity (LSC liquid scintillation counter)
- Details on sampling:
- At 24, 48, 72 and 96 h 1 mL of the test solution was sampled from each beaker and chemical concentrations were quantified using liquid scintillation counting.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- acetone
- Details on test solutions:
- Experiments were carried out in Pyrex® beakers, each containing 500 mL of pre-aerated artificial pond water (APW, Naylor et al., 1989).
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Gammarus pulex
- Details on test organisms:
- Adult G. pulex were collected several times during 2008/2009 from a small headwater stream in the Itziker Ried (coordinates: E 702150, N 2360850), ca. 20 km southeast of Zürich, Switzerland. After collection, the test organisms were acclimatized for a minimum of five days to the experimental conditions (13 °C, 12 h:12 h light:dark).
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- artificial pond water
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 13 °C
- Details on test conditions:
- Experiments were carried out in Pyrex® beakers, each containing 500 mL of pre-aerated artificial pond water (APW, Naylor et al., 1989). Each beaker contained ten organisms at the start of the experiment and they were fed ad libitum with a minimum of three horse-chestnut leaf discs (diameter 20 mm) inoculated with the fungi Cladosporium herbarum (Naylor et al., 1989). A geometric dilution series of seven concentrations was used in each toxicity test, with two replicate beakers per concentration (i.e. 20 organisms per concentration) and one solvent control beaker and one blank control beaker. Dosing stocks were made by dilution in acetone from a mixture of 14C-labelled and unlabelled material. After spiking the dosing solution directly into the test medium, beakers were carefully stirred, sealed with parafilm and kept at 13 °C under a 12 h:12 h light:dark regime.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Gammarus Pulex
- Effect conc.:
- 52 571 other: nmol/l
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Model II least squares regressions (Deming regression) were applied, as there is random error in both variables and were fitted to log transformed data using GraphPad Prism (v. 4.03, GraphPad Software Inc., USA).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- A 48h-LC50 of 52571 nmol/L was determined for 2,4-Dichloroaniline towards G. pulex.
- Executive summary:
The study was conducted with adult G. pulex for 96 hrs with 7 different concentrations and 20 organisms per concentration in artificial pondwater and acetone acting as the vehicle. The test temperature was 13°C and the light dark ratio was 12 h:12 h. The testing material was a mix of 14C labelled and unlabelled substance. At 24, 48, 72 and 96 h 1 mL of the test solution was sampled from each beaker and chemical concentrations were quantified using liquid scintillation counting further the mortality and mobility of the organisms was reported. A 48h-LC50 of 52571 nmol/L was determined for 2,4-Dichloroaniline towards G. pulex.
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