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EC number: 284-325-5 | CAS number: 84852-15-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
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- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
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- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
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- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
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- Environmental data
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Cornement (2020) provided a 28 -day EC10 (reproduction) of 0.004 mg/l (and NOEC of 0.006 mg/l) nonylphenol as a measured concentration for the mud snail, Potamopyrgus antipodorum in accordance with OECD 242 Guideline methodology and GLP certification.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect concentration:
- 0.004 mg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect concentration:
- 0.009 mg/L
Additional information
The 21-day study by Comber et al (1993) was previously selected as the key study because the study provided NOEC values for standard long-term test endpoints of survival and reproduction for the preferred test organism, Daphnia magna, and was adequately documented and performed according to Guidelines. The NOEC value of 0.024 mg/l was previously selected as the key value from the Comber et al (1993) study. A new study on the mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum by Cornement (2020) reported two endpoints with more sensitive NOEC values than the Daphnia magna study by Comber et al (1993) and is now the Key Study for the long-term toxicity to invertebrates endpoint. The most sensitive endpoints for this key study were reported as a 28-day NOEC for reproduction in P. antipodarum of 0.006 mg/l and an EC10 of 0.0041 mg/l. The NOECs for morphology (shell length) and mortality were also 0.0147 and 0.0247 mg/l for P. antipodarum in the same study. These are all reported as time-weighted average measured concentrations of the active ingredient.
The reported NOEC of 0.05 mg nonylphenol/L by Baldwin et al (1997) and 0.06 mg nonylphenol/L by Brennan et al (2006) for inhibition of reproduction to the preferred test species D. magna were similar findings to the Comber et al (1993) former key study; with Sun and Gu (2005) reporting 0.013 mg nonylphenol/L (no analytical monitoring) at the low end of the range and Brooke (1993) and Spehar et al (2010) reporting 0.12 mg/L at the high end of the range.
Long-term exposure of nonylphenol to aquatic invertebrates included reliable supporting studies covering several different freshwater taxa including the preferred test organism, D. magna. Also, several reliable studies for marine organisms were available, such as Americamysis bahia (Kuhn et al 2001, Hirano et al 2009); Tisbe batagliai (Bechmann, 1999); Tigriopus japonicus (Marcial et al, 2003) and Lytechinus pictus (Taylor, 2019). An additional new study by Taylor (2019) on the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus reported a NOEC for fertilisation success of 0.85 mg/l, which is less sensitive than most of the results for other marine organisms.
The range of NOEC values for survival was from 0.025 mg nonylphenol/L (Sun and Gu, 2005) to 0.04 mg nonylphenol/L (Brennan et al 2006) for D. magna. The NOEC for reproduction ranged from 0.001 mg nonylphenol/L for Ceriodaphnia dubia (7 days) (Isidori et al 2006) to 0.116 mg/l and >0.1 mg nonylphenol/L reported for 21-day tests with D. magna by Brooke (1993) and Scholz (1992), respectively and 0.05 mg/l for D. galeata (Tanaka and Nakanishi, 2002). Studies on other freshwater species determined a NOEC for survival of 0.042mg/l for Chironomus tentans (Kahl et al. 1997); a NOEC of >0.2352mg/l for the sediment organism Caenorhabditis elegans (Hoss et al, 2002); a NOEC of >0.005mg/l (the highest concentration tested) for Gammarus fossarum (Geffard, 2010); an EC10 of 0.68mg/l for long term mortality attachment and siphon extension in the freshwater mussel species, Dreissena polymorpha (Quinn, 2006).
For the marine species, the NOEC of 0.0095 mg nonylphenol/L for reproduction (Kuhn et al 2001) of A. Bahia, 0.02 mg nonylphenol/L mortality and reproduction of Tisbe batagliai (Bechmann, 1999) and 0.85mg/l for reproduction of Lytechnius pictus (Taylor, 2019) were within the ranges reported for freshwater organisms.
Insufficient data were available to confirm which of the species tested was most sensitive, but the findings of Isidori et al (2006) suggest that inhibition of reproduction for C. dubia can occur at a concentration lower than reported for D. magna or the marine species tested. Despite this other studies on C.dubia (England, 1995) determined a higher NOEC of 0.1mg/l for this species.
An additional study is being carried out during 2020/21 to investigate the toxicity of nonylphenol on the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. This study is investigating long term, reproductive and transgenerational effects.
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