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EC number: 231-595-7 | CAS number: 7647-01-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- Not specified. Published in 1976
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The study was carried out at an extremely toxic concentration, causing deaths and severe clinical signs in mothers and confounding any possible interpretation of actual effect of exposure to the foetuses. Materials and methods as well as results of this study are poorly reported and do not reflect present study standards and requirements.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 976
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- GLP was not compulsory at the time the study was conducted.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- GLP was not ocmpulsory at the time the study was conducted
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hydrogen chloride
- EC Number:
- 231-595-7
- EC Name:
- Hydrogen chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7647-01-0
- Molecular formula:
- Cl H
- IUPAC Name:
- hydrogen chloride
- Details on test material:
- Test material: Hydrochloric acid gas
No more details specified.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: not specified.
- Age at study initiation: not specified.
- Weight at study initiation: 180-200 g
- Fasting period before study: not specified.
- Housing: not specified.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): not specified.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum):not specified.
- Acclimation period:not specified.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
-not specified.
IN-LIFE DATES: not specified.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
- other: not stated: Presumably whole body
- Vehicle:
- other: not stated: Presumably air
- Details on exposure:
- Not specified.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Not specified.
- Details on mating procedure:
- Not specified.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- One hour exposure at either day 9 of pregnancy or 12 days before mating.
Post-exposure: animals were allowed to deliver naturally. Progeny were tested at the age of two and three months. - Frequency of treatment:
- single exposure
- Duration of test:
- one hour
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 8-15 animals for a total of 160 animals.
- Control animals:
- other: yes, presumably untreated
- Details on study design:
- Not specified.
Examinations
- Maternal examinations:
- Tests for lungs (respiration rate, blood oxygen saturation, vital staining of lung tissue), liver (Quick-Pytel test) and kidney (diuresis, chlorides, protein) function. Relative organ weights also determined.
- Ovaries and uterine content:
- The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: No data
- Fetal examinations:
- Number of foetuses per litter, postnatal mortality, body weight changes up to 4 weeks of age.
Function test at 2 or 3 months of age: exposure to hypoxic conditions (mimicking an altitude of 3500 m in a pressure chamber) measuring the blood oxygen saturation when the inspired air contained 10% oxygen; additional exposure to HCl (1/10 CL50 = 52 mg/m3) after which the absorption of vital dye (Neutral red) in the lungs was determined. Hepatic and renal function as on the mothers. Oxygen consumption, total serum protein, and relative organ weights also determined. - Statistics:
- Not stated however, in the legend below the first table of the original paper, the sentence “Values for p > 0.05 are not given” can be found.
- Indices:
- Not specified
- Historical control data:
- Not specified.
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
Maternal developmental toxicity
- Details on maternal toxic effects:
- Maternal toxic effects:yes
Details on maternal toxic effects:
Exposure to HCl caused deaths of 1/3 of the animals in both groups with signs of severe dyspnoea and cyanosis. The lungs of the dying rats were congested, with areas of oedema and haemorrhage.
Other parameters affected are summarized in Table A6.8.1/01-1 and included decreased blood (mixed) oxygen saturation both in pregnant and non pregnant rats on the 5th day following exposure, increased absorption of Neutral Red by the lung tissue of pregnant rats on the 8th day following exposure, increased chlorides and increased protein concentration in the urine of pregnant and non pregnant rats, respectively, increased content of hippuric acid following loading with sodium benzoate in the urine of pregnant rats only. Relative liver weight resulted to be increased in non pregnant rats, but no difference was noted for pregnant animals, compared to controls.
Effect levels (maternal animals)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Remarks:
- no NOAEL identified
Results (fetuses)
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:yes
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
There was an increase in mortality among the progeny of rats exposed at day 9 of pregnancy but not in those exposed before mating (31.9 ± 9.2% vs 5.6 ± 3.7% in the control group). Reduced body weight gain was recorded at 4 weeks of age in the latter group (males: 66.8 ± 2.4 g vs 75.5 ± 2.3 g in controls; females: 63.2 ± 3.1 g vs 72.2 ± 1.7 g in controls).
Other parameters affected at 2 months of age are summarized in Table A6.8.1/01-2, and were related to the kidney function. These included increased diuresis in male young rats of both experimental groups but reduced in young females of group whose mothers were treated before mating, and decrease of protein content of urine in male young rats whose mothers were exposed at day 9 of pregnancy.
Results obtained in 3-month young rats are summarized in Table A6.8.1/01-3 and again showed effects on kidney function, limited to the male young rats, with increased chlorides and decrease protein concentration in urine in rats whose mothers were exposed on day 9 of pregnancy or before mating, respectively.
The hypoxic test showed no disturbance of lung function in either group.
The additional exposure to HCl caused changes in absorption of vital dye by the lung of male animals of both groups, and reduced excretion of hippuric acid in urine in male animals whose mothers were exposed before mating. The relative kidney weight was also increased in both groups.
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
1 hour exposure of female rats at the CL50 concentration of 450 mg/m^3 resulted in mortality of 1/3 of exposed animals of both groups (exposure at day 9 of pregnancy or 12 days before mating), with signs of severe dyspnoea and cyanosis. The lungs of the dying rats were congested, with areas of oedema and haemorrhage. Decreased blood (mixed) oxygen saturation both in pregnant and non pregnant rats on the 5th day following exposure, increased absorption of Neutral Red by the lung tissue of pregnant rats on the 8th day following exposure, increased chlorides and increased protein concentration in the urine of pregnant and non pregnant rats, respectively, increased content of hippuric acid following loading with sodium benzoate in the urine of pregnant rats only were noted at tests for organ function. Relative liver weight resulted to be increased in non pregnant rats, but no difference was noted for pregnant animals, compared to controls.
There was an increase in mortality among the progeny of rats exposed at day 9 of pregnancy but not in those exposed before mating. Reduced body weight gain was recorded at 4 weeks of age in the latter group.
At 2 months of age dysfunction of the kidney was noted in young rats, including increased diuresis in males of both experimental groups but reduced in females of groups whose mothers were treated before mating, and decrease of protein content of urine in male young rats whose mothers were exposed at day 9 of pregnancy.
Results obtained in 3-month young rats showed again effects on kidney function, limited to the male young rats, with increased chlorides and decreased protein concentration in urine in rats whose mothers were exposed on day 9 of pregnancy or before mating, respectively.
The hypoxic test showed no disturbance of lung function in either group.
The additional exposure to HCl caused changes in absorption of vital dye by the lungs of male animals of both groups, and reduced excretion of hippuric acid in urine in male animals whose mothers were exposed before mating. The relative kidney weight was also increased in both groups.
Summary of affected parameters in mothers
Parameter |
Time point |
Group |
|||
Control |
Exposed on day 9 of pregnancy |
Control |
Exposed 12 days before mating |
||
Lung function |
|||||
Blood (mixed) oxygen saturation (% ± SD) |
5thday after exposure |
68.7 ± 2.7 |
56.8 ± 3.4* |
64.4 ± 3.6 |
5.29 ± 4.2* |
Absorption of vital dye (Neutral red) by the lung (extinction unit ± SD) |
8thday after exposure |
0.77 ± 0.04 |
1.01 ± 0.05** |
Not determined |
Not determined |
Kidney function |
|
||||
Chlorides concentration in urine (mg/mL ± SD) |
Not stated |
0.94 ± 0.02 |
1.48 ± 0.01** |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Protein concentration in urine (mg/mL ± SD) |
Not stated |
Not reported |
Not reported |
0.78 ± 0.10 |
1.53 ± 0.17** |
Liver function |
` |
||||
Hippuric acid in urine (mg ± SD) |
Not stated |
73.1 ± 4.7 |
89.2 ± 2.3** |
No difference compared to controls |
|
Relative liver weight |
Not stated |
No difference compared to controls |
4.55 ± 0.15 |
4.91 ± 0.13* |
|
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01 |
The blood (mixed) oxygen saturation value for females exposed 12 days before mating at the 5thday following exposure is likely to be incorrect.
Summary of affected parameters in progeny at 2 months of age
Parameter |
Group |
|||
Control |
Mothers exposed on day 9 of pregnancy |
Control |
Mothers exposed 12 days before mating |
|
Kidney function |
||||
Diuresis (mL ± SD) |
7.5 ± 0.7 |
10.1 ± 0.8* |
7.5 ± 0.7* males 8.6 ± 0.9* females |
10.1 ± 0.9* males 6.5 ± 0.4 females |
Protein concentration in urine (mg/mL ± SD) |
2.26 ± 0.16 males |
1.76 ± 0.11** males |
Not reported |
Not reported |
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01 or p<0.02 |
Summary of affected parameters in progeny at 3 months of age
Parameter |
Males |
Females |
||||
Control |
Mothers exposed on day 9 of pregnancy |
Mothers exposed 12 days before mating |
Control |
Mothers exposed on day 9 of pregnancy |
Mothers exposed 12 days before mating |
|
Kidney function |
|
|||||
Chlorides concentration in urine (mg/mL ± SD) |
1.48±0.10 |
1.20±0.06* |
0.88±0.07** |
1.20±0.15 |
1.11±0.13 |
1.07±0.15 |
Protein concentration in urine (mg/mL ± SD) |
2.37±0.23 |
2.85±0.27 |
3.25±0.24** |
0.71±0.12 |
0.82±0.11 |
0.69±0.11 |
Relative kidney weight |
0.62±0.01 |
0.61±0.02 |
0.66±0.01** |
0.65±0.02 |
0.65±0.03 |
0.69±0.02 |
Liver function |
|
|||||
Hippuric acid in urine (mg ± SD) |
96.00±4.5 |
93.6±2.8 |
81.2±3.2* |
81.3±3.7 |
78.5±6.1 |
77.5±5.1 |
Lung function (after additional exposure to HCl at 54 mg/m3) |
||||||
Absorption of vital dye (Neutral red) by the lung (extinction unit ± SD) |
0.92±0.03 |
1.16±0.04** |
1.15±0.07** |
1.04±0.06 |
1.16±0.04 |
1.11±0.05 |
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01 or p<0.02 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- As the study was carried out at an extremely high dose, it is considered that effects observed in progeny were due to maternal toxicity and that the study did not demonstrate any increased sensitivity of foetuses compared to the mothers.
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