Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 273-733-9 | CAS number: 69012-33-5 By-product of the manufacture of silicomanganese alloy containing oxides of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, manganese and silicon.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Data is provided on the surrogate substance manganese sulphate. Sorption strength increases with pH. However, in several soils, residual 54Mn in solution was below values expected for sorption, suggesting oxidation. The Kd median result is considered to be sufficiently representative at present to use in risk assessment.
At 3 days incubation the median Kd was 1598 L/kg. At 100 days incubation the median Kd was 650 L/kg and at 180 days incubation the median Kd was 601 L/kg.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 32 500
Additional information
This proposal addressed the solid–liquid partitioning of manganese (Mn) in soils. To be most relevant for the risk assessment, the ‘adsorption Kd’ was measured in soils. No such Mn adsorption studies have been made for European soils before and no comparison has been found between adsorption (of added Mn) and desorption (of native Mn) Kdvalues.
Manganese in soil is present in different redox states, most commonly +2, +3 or +4. In soil, MnIIIand MnIVoccur as insoluble oxides. At low pH or under reduced conditions, MnIIis the most stable form and this species has much higher solubility than MnIII/IV. The Mn redox chemistry therefore plays an important role in mobility and availability of Mn. The Kdconcept that is used in traditional exposure estimates for risk assessment, refers to adsorption reactions, for which solution concentrations increase as the solid-phase concentrations increase. For Mn, this Kdconcept does not hold when MnIIIand MnIVare present as precipitates (oxides), because the solubility of a precipitate does not depend on the amount of precipitate. Mathematically, the Kdcan still be derived in case of precipitation reactions, but this value increases with increasing total concentration once the precipitate is formed. For pragmatic reasons for risk assessment, we have derived the Kdvalues in this study, even when precipitates formed. Practically, this means that Kdvalues of Mn in soil not only depend on pH or redox but also on the total Mn in soil.
Thirty-five European soils were selected from our database to make a comprehensive assessment of the Kdvalues in European soils and to encompass the range of properties that may affect the Kdvalues, i.e. the cation exchange capacity, pH and organic matter content. Soils were amended with (carrier free)54MnII(a Mn2 +salt) and subsamples were extracted with 10 mM CaCl2at 3, 100 and 180 days after spiking. The adsorption Kdvalues ranged from 1.0 to 20550 L/kg at 3 days and from 1.0 to 6516 L/kg at 180 days. The geometric mean Kdincreased 1.2-fold between day 3 and day 180, from 334 to 424 L/kg. On a restricted set of soil, MnO2was added. The added Mn reached the same speciation as native Mn in most soils by day 100.
The fraction of total Mn that is present as MnII was estimated by extraction with 1 M NH4Ac. At 180 days, the partitioning of the isotope and the soil Mn between extractable (MnII) and non-extractable (MnIII/IV) pools was similar for the isotope and the native Mn, indicating that the isotope nearly fully equilibrated within this period. Effectively, this means that the solid-liquid distribution of native Mn in soil may be used to predict the Kdof added Mn.
For risk assessment, regression models with R2of 0.64-0.65 were derived from which appropriate Kdvalues can be selected that are valid for Mn added to aerobic soil as MnIIsalts or MnO2. The Kdin low pH soils (pH<5.6) is strongly related to pH and did not depend on the total Mn concentration in soil. In high pH soils (pH>5.6), both pH and total Mn concentration affects the partitioning of Mn in the soil. Practically, the Kdvalues can be implemented in the EU risk assessment schemes if generic values of soil pH and total Mn are selected. A look-up table allows selecting appropriate Kdvalues depending on pH and total Mn. These predictions are only valid for aerobic soils. Under saturated conditions, reduction of MnIII/IVoxides may occur, resulting in an increase in MnIIconcentration and dissolved Mn concentrations.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.