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EC number: 936-897-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Water solubility
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- transformation / dissolution of metals and inorganic metal compounds
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- deviation from the guideline, which do not effect the validity of the study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29 (23-Jul-2001): Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The 28-day test with a loading of 1 mg/L was conducted at pH 6 instead of 5.5
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- 2011-02-07
- Type of method:
- flask method
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 0.21 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cr
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: +/- 0.04 µg Cr/L
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 0.56 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cr
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: +/- 0.10 µg Cr/L
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 0.74 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Cr
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 28 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: +/- 0.06 µg Cr/L
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 107 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Zn
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: +/- 7.38 µg Zn/L
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 127 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Zn
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: +/- 7.11 µg Zn/L
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 119 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Zn
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 28 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: +/- 7.98 µg Zn/L
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Element analysed:
- Fe
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 0.76 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Fe
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: +/- 0.01 µg Fe/L
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Mean dissolved conc.:
- 1.83 µg/L
- Element analysed:
- Fe
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 28 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: +/- 0.02 µg Fe/L
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Element analysed:
- Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: < LOD/LOQ
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Element analysed:
- Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 7 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: < method blank concentration
- Key result
- Type of test:
- full transformation/dissolution test - metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds
- Element analysed:
- Al
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 1 mg/L
- Incubation duration:
- 28 d
- Test conditions:
- pH 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: < method blank concentration
- Details on results:
- Temperature: The mean temperatures were 21.1 ± 0.5 °C for 1 mg/L test.
Solution pH and oxygen levels:
The solution pH remained relatively constant during the 28 days for pH 6 treatment in vessels containing 1 mg/L of the test item and in method blanks, pH was in the range of 5.7 - 6.3. Oxygen levels in all test vessels 1 mg/L loadings were in the range recommended by the OECD Test Guidance 29 during the test: above 70 % of oxygen saturation at 8.5 mg/L (70 % of 8.5 mg/L = 6 mg/L).
Mass balance
After 12 h of digestion with added aqua regia, less insoluble residues were observed in all vessels, indicating an incomplete dissolution/transformation of the test item. Therefore, the pigment could not be dissolved and the recovery is < 100 % for the element zinc in media at pH 6. - Conclusions:
- The transformation/dissolution of the pigment reaction mass of willemite, white and zinc iron chromite brown spinel was measured according to the method OECD test series No. 29 (Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media). The transformation/dissolution of the pigment resulted in the following dissolved concentrations:
Full test, 1 mg/L loading, 24 h at pH 6:
- chromium: 0.21 ± 0.04 µg/L
- aluminium: < LOD/LOQ
- zinc: 107 ± 7.38 µg/L
- iron: < LOD
Full test, 1 mg/L loading, 7 days at pH 6:
- chromium: 0.56 ± 0.10 µg/L
- aluminium: below method blank concentration
- zinc: 127 ± 7.11 µg/L
- iron: 0.76 ± 0.01 µg/L
Full test, 1 mg/L loading after 28 days at pH 6:
- chromium: 0.74 ± 0.06 µg/L,
- aluminium: below method blank concentration
- zinc: 119 ± 7.93 µg/L;
- iron: 1.83 ± 0.02 µg/L
The dissolved Cr, Al, Zn and Fe concentrations were below 130 µg/L at a loading of 1 mg/L after 7 and 28 days, respectively, referring to a solubility of <=13 wt%.
Reference
Method validation summary (ICP-OES)
validation parameter |
results |
Comment |
Selectivity |
similar data with different element wavelengths for ICP-OES method |
no interferences observed |
Linearity |
applied calibration functions were linear |
correlation coefficient at least 0.9987 |
Limit of detection |
Al: 1.39 – 1.89 µg/L Zn: 0.35 – 5.07 µg/L |
|
Limit of quantification |
Al: 4.17 – 5.67 µg/L Zn: 1.06 – 16.9 µg/L |
|
Accuracy Al |
mean recovery for CRM TMDA-70 (dilution factor 10): |
mid concentration range (Al: 415 µg/L; diluted 41.5 µg/L) |
Accuracy Al |
mean recovery for CRM TM15.2: |
low concentration range (Al: 33.9 µg/L) |
Accuracy Zn |
mean recovery for CRM TMDA-70 (dilution factor 10): |
low concentration range (Zn: 477 µg/L; diluted 47.7 µg/L) |
Accuracy Zn |
mean recovery for CRM TMDA-70 (dilution factor 2): |
high concentration range (Zn: 477 µg/L; diluted 239 µg/L) |
Trueness Al |
mean recovery for recalibration standard: |
high concentration range (50 µg/L) |
Trueness Zn |
mean recovery for quality control standard (Merck IV): |
low concentration range (50 µg/L) |
Trueness Zn |
mean recovery for recalibration standard: |
mid concentration range (100 µg/L) |
Reproducibility Al |
mean recovery for CRM TMDA-70 (dilution factor 10): |
mid concentration range (Al: 415 µg/L; diluted 41.5 µg/L) |
Reproducibility Al |
mean recovery for CRM TM15.2: |
low concentration range (Al: 33.9 µg/L) |
Reproducibility Zn |
mean recovery for CRM TMDA-70 (dilution factor 10): |
low concentration range (Zn: 477 µg/L; diluted 47.7 µg/L) |
Reproducibility Zn |
mean recovery for CRM TMDA-70 (dilution factor 2): |
high concentration range (Zn: 477 µg/L; diluted 239 µg/L) |
Method validation summary (ICP-MS)
validation parameter |
results |
Comment |
Selectivity |
similar data with at least two different isotopes for ICP-MS method or with similar isotope in different gas mode |
measurements with best recoveries of reference material were used for calculation |
Linearity ICP-MS |
applied calibration functions were linear |
correlation factor at least 0.9991 |
Limit of detection |
Cr: 0.003 – 0.01 µg/L |
|
Limit of quantification |
Cr: 0.01 – 0.03 µg/L |
|
Method blanks Cr |
Mainly method blanks below LOD/LOQ, few above LOQ |
method blanks >LOQ are below the sample concentration (>factor 9.00 – 46.2) |
Method blanks Fe |
Method blanks mainly above LOQ and mainly same concentration as in samples at least 2.62 (504 h), 2.86 (168 h) and 3.36 (672 h) fold lower than concentrations in samples |
method blanks for sampling point 168h, 504h and 672h >LOQ are below the sample concentration (>2.86 factor, 2.62 factor and 3.36 factor) |
Method blanks Zn |
Method blanks above LOQ |
Method blanks >LOQ are below the sample concentration (>factor 42.5 – 77.2) |
Accuracy |
mean recovery for CRM TMDA-70 (dilution factor 20): Zn: 104 ± 6.7 % (n = 10; samples 336 h, 504 h and 672 h and method blanks) Zn: 100 ± 4.4 % (n = 6; samples 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 96 h and 168 h) |
high concentration range of samples (389 µg Cr/L – diluted 19.45 µg Cr/L; 368 µg Fe/L – diluted 18.4 µg Fe/L; 477 µg Zn/L – diluted 47.7 µg Zn/L) |
Accuracy |
mean recovery for CRM Zn: 101 ± 9.2 % (n = 6; samples 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 96 h and 168 h) |
low concentration range of samples (16.4 µg Cr/L – diluted 1.64 µg Cr/L; 25.8 µg Fe/L – diluted 2.58 µg Fe/L; 35.4 µg Zn/L – diluted 3.54 µg Zn/L) |
Trueness |
mean recovery for quality control standard CPI standard (5 µg/L): Cr: 98.0 ± 1.7 % (n = 5) Fe: 100 ± 4.4 % (n = 8) Zn: 97.7 ± 9.4 % (n = 9; samples 336 h, 504 h and 672 h and method blanks) |
Mid concentration range |
Trueness |
mean recovery for quality control standard CPI standard (1 µg/L): Cr: 98.5 ± 2.1 % (n = 5) Fe: 98.5 ± 8.0 % (n = 7) Zn: 101 ± 18 % (n = 6; samples 336 h, 504 h and 672 h and method blanks) |
Low concentration range |
Trueness |
mean recovery for quality control standard CPI standard (10 µg/L): Zn: 100 ± 13 % (n = 6; samples 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 96 h and 168 h) |
Low concentration range |
Trueness |
mean recovery for recalibration standard Cr: 105 ± 2.0 % (n = 4) Fe: 115 ± 5.3 % (n = 4) |
Mid concentration range |
Trueness |
mean recovery for recalibration standard Cr: 94.9 ± 2.7 % (n = 4) |
Low concentration range |
Trueness |
Fortification of samples in the range of 90.8% - 97.8% |
See tableTable15 |
Trueness |
Fortification of samples Zn remeasurement in the range of 88.6 % - 108 % |
See tableTable16 |
Reproducibility |
mean recovery for CRM TMDA-70 (dilution factor 20): Zn: 104 ± 6.7 % (n = 10; samples 336 h, 504 h and 672 h) Zn: 100 ± 4.4 % (n = 6; samples 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 96 h and 168 h) |
high concentration range of samples (389 µg Cr/L – diluted 19.45 µg Cr/L; 368 µg Fe/L – diluted 18.4 µg Fe/L; 477 µg Zn/L – diluted 47.7 µg Zn/L) |
Reproducibility |
mean recovery for CRM Zn: 101 ± 9.2 % (n = 6; samples 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 96 h and 168h) |
low concentration range of samples (16.4 µg Cr/L – diluted 1.64 µg Cr/L; 25.8 µg Fe/L – diluted 2.58 µg Fe/L; 35.4 µg Zn/L – diluted 3.54 µg Zn/L) |
Measured dissolved aluminium concentrations for loading 1 mg/L pH 6 after 7 d and 28 d (with mean blank subtraction)
sample |
LOD [µg/L] |
LOQ [µg/L] |
Mean Al conc. per vessel ± SD [µg/L] |
Mean Al conc. all vessels ± SD [µg/L] |
1 168h |
1.39 |
4.17 |
Below method blank concentration |
Below method blank concentration |
2 168h |
1.39 |
4.17 |
Below method blank concentration |
|
3 168h |
1.39 |
4.17 |
Below method blank concentration |
|
1 672h |
1.39 |
4.17 |
Below method blank concentration |
Below method blank concentration |
2 672h |
1.39 |
4.17 |
Below method blank concentration |
|
3 672h |
1.39 |
4.17 |
Below method blank concentration |
Measured dissolved chromium concentrations for loading 1 mg/L pH 6 after 7 d and 28 d (with mean blank subtraction)
sample |
LOD [µg/L] |
LOQ [µg/L] |
Mean Cr conc. per vessel ± SD [µg/L] |
Mean Cr conc. all vessels ± SD [µg/L] |
1 168h |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.48 ± 0.03 |
0.56 ± 0.10 |
2 168h |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.68 ± <0.01 |
|
3 168h |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.51 ± 0.03 |
|
1 672h |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.70 ± 0.01 |
0.74 ± 0.06 |
2 672h |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.81 ± 0.04 |
|
3 672h |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.70 ± <0.01 |
Measured dissolved iron concentrations for loading 1 mg/L pH 6 after 7 d and 28 d (with mean blank subtraction)
sample |
LOD [µg/L] |
LOQ [µg/L] |
Mean Fe conc. per vessel ± SD [µg/L] |
Mean Fe conc. all vessels ± SD [µg/L] |
1 168h |
0.02 |
0.05 |
<LOD |
0.76 ± 0,01 |
2 168h |
0.02 |
0.05 |
0.76 ± 0,01 |
|
3 168h |
0.02 |
0.05 |
<LOD |
|
1 672h |
0.10 |
0.29 |
<LOD/LOQ |
1.83 ± 0,02 |
2 672h |
0.10 |
0.29 |
1.83 ± 0,02 |
|
3 672h |
0.10 |
0.29 |
<LOD / Below method blank concentration |
Measured dissolved zinc concentrations for loading 1 mg/L pH 6 after 7 d and 28 d (with mean blank subtraction)
sample |
LOD [µg/L] |
LOQ [µg/L] |
Mean Zn conc. per vessel ± SD [µg/L] |
Mean Zn conc. all vessels ± SD [µg/L] |
1 168h |
0.02 |
0.06 |
123 ± 0.20 |
127 ± 7.11 |
2 168h |
0.02 |
0.06 |
136 ± 1.24 |
|
3 168h |
0.02 |
0.06 |
121 ± 0.08 |
|
1 672h |
0.12 |
0.37 |
124 ± 0.81 |
119 ± 7.93 |
2 672h |
0.12 |
0.37 |
125 ± 0.30 |
|
3 672h |
0.12 |
0.37 |
109 ± 0.54 |
FORTIFICATION
Selected samples were analysed by ICP-MS after fortification with a known amount of chromium, iron and zinc (by standard addition of a commercial multi element standard; Merck VIII Multi element standard 1000 mg/L lot no. HC957274, Darmstadt, Germany) and recoveries were determined Recoveries of fortified test samples (Cr, Fe and Zn) were in the range of 90.8 – 97.8 %.
Recovery of fortified samples 1 mg/L loading
sample |
measured concentration |
calculated level after addition |
recovery |
loading 1 mg/L |
Cr |
Cr |
Cr |
sample b vessel 3 672h |
0.71 |
6.88 |
6.25 / 90.8 |
loading 1 mg/L |
Fe |
Fe |
Fe |
sample b vessel 2 672h |
2.33 |
22.1 |
20.9 / 94.4 |
loading 1 mg/L |
Zn |
Zn |
Zn |
sample a vessel 1 672h |
128 |
135 |
132 / 97.8 |
# values were rounded. Calculations were performed with more digits.
Furthermore selected samples were analysed by ICP-MS after fortification with a known amount of zinc (by standard addition of a commercial multi element standard; Merck VIII Multi element standard 1000 mg/L lot no. HC957274, Darmstadt, Germany) and recoveries were determined. Recoveries of fortified test samples were in the range of 88.6 – 108 %.
Recovery of fortified samples 1 mg/L loading
sample |
measured concentration |
calculated level after addition |
recovery |
loading 1 mg/L |
Zn |
Zn |
Zn |
sample a vessel 1 2h |
89.1 |
124 |
110 / 88.6 |
sample a vessel 1 6h |
71.9 |
110 |
118 / 108 |
sample a vessel 1 24h |
101 |
134 |
139 / 104 |
sample a vessel 1 96h |
114 |
145 |
149 / 103 |
sample a vessel 1 168h |
126 |
155 |
158 / 102 |
# values were rounded.
Description of key information
The solubility of reaction mass of willemite, white and zinc iron chromite brown spinel is < =13 wt% at a 1mg/L loading. A GLP-conform transformation/dissolution test with a loading of 1 mg/L at pH6 resulted in dissolved chromium, aluminium, iron and zinc concentrations 0.56 µg Cr/L, < 1 µg Al/L (LOD), 127 µg Zn/L and 0.76 µg Fe/L after 7 days. The dissolved chromium, aluminium, iron and zinc concentrations at pH6 were 0.74 µg Cr/L, < 1 µg Al/L (LOD), 119 µg Zn/L and 1.83 µg Fe/L after 28 days, respectively (Knopf, 2013).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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