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EC number: 209-691-5 | CAS number: 590-86-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
As no valid studies on the mutagenic potential of isovaleraldehyde in bacterial mutation assays could be identified, other related aldehydes will be used as supporting substances for read across.tests are available for valeraldehyde, butyraldehyde, and isobutyraldehyde. These aldehydes are closely related to isovaleraldehyde (structural isomer with a linear carbon chain, linear and branched chain aliphatic aldehydes reduced in length by one carbon atom). Reactivity and physico-chemical properties as well as metabolism of these aldehydes are very similar to isovaleraldehyde, thus justifying the use of these substances for cross reading.
In the following table, the studies used in the genetic toxicity assessment of isovaleraldehyde are listed together with some basic information.
Study |
Substance |
Reliability |
GLP |
Test type/ |
Guideline |
Results |
Remarks |
In vitro tests; |
|||||||
NTP |
Read across |
2 |
no data |
Ames |
similar to |
negative |
tested up to 2000 µg/plate with and without metab. activ. |
Mortelmans |
Read across |
2 |
no data |
Ames |
similar to |
negative |
tested up to 3333 µg/plate with and without metab. activ. |
NTP |
Read across |
2 |
no data |
Ames |
similar to |
negative |
tested up to 10,000 µg/plate with and without metab. activ. |
Mortelmans |
Read across |
2 |
no data |
Ames |
similar to |
negative |
tested up to 10,000 µg/plate with and without metab. activ. |
In vitro tests, |
|||||||
Obe/Tucker |
isovaleraldehyde |
2 |
no |
SCE |
similar to |
weak positive |
human lymphcytes; |
In vivo test |
|||||||
NTP |
Read across |
2 |
no data |
Chronic cancer study |
OECD 451 |
negative |
mouse |
NTP |
Read across |
2 |
no data |
Chronic cancer study |
OECD 451 |
negative |
rat |
BASF AG |
Isovaleraldehyde |
1 |
yes |
MNT |
similar to |
negative |
single ip injection; 3 concentrations up to |
The Ames tests for the supporting aldehydes were all negative. It is concluded that an Ames test with isovaleraldehyde would be negative too.
The result of the SCE assay with human lymphocytes was weakly positive. For other aldehydes (e.g. valeraldehyde), it has been demonstrated that other in vitro mammalian cell assays (gene mutation HPRT, UDS, alkaline elution) showed positive results. It is very likely that isovaleraldehyde would test positive in similar in vitro tests using mammalian cell systems.
Isovaleraldehyde was tested in a valid mouse bone marrow micronucleus test in vivo according to OECD TG 474 with negative result (BASF, 2001). After intraperitoneal injection of increasing single doses of isovaleraldehyde up to 100 mg/kg bw, no increase in polychromatic erythrocytes containing neither small nor large micronuclei was observed. At the highest dose, overt toxicity were observed. There was no indication of a genotoxic potential of isovaleraldehyde in this in vivo micronucleus test.
Positive test results are often observed in in-vitro mammalian cell genotoxicity tests, whereas the respective in-vivo test results are negative. In vivo tests represent much more physiological conditions, i.e. absorption, distribution, and metabolism and excretion, and, therefore, are considered to rule out positive in-vitro test results. This is also supported by the observations with isobutyraldehyde, which was positive in mammalian cell tests, but which was negative in two rodent oncogenicity tests conducted by NTP.,
Taking into account the above information on mutagenic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects of isovaleraldehyde and supporting aldehydes, it is concluded that isovaleraldehyde is not genotoxic.
Short description of key information:
Isovaleraldehyde is considered to be negative in bacterial cell test systems, based on read across to related substances (valeraldehyde, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde) which were all negative. Isovaleraldehyde was weakly positive in a sister chromatid exchange assay with human lymphocytes in vitro, but it was negative in an in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test according to OECD TG 474. Overall, isovaleraldehyde is considered to lack genotoxic properties.
Endpoint Conclusion: No adverse effect observed (negative)
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on results available (see under Discussion), isovaleraldehyde does not meet classification criteria neither of Directive 67/548/EEC for heritable genetic damage or irreversible effects nor of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (Annex I Sect. 3.5.2) for germ cell mutagenicity.
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