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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 936-414-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Cytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in three skin cellular models: Effects of sonication, dispersive agents and corneous layer of reconstructed epidermis
- Author:
- Vankoningsloo, S. et al.
- Year:
- 2 010
- Bibliographic source:
- Nanotoxicology 4, 84-97
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Test substance stock suspensions were diluted at 100 mg/ml in PBS and applied topically for 24 h on reconstructed human epidermises (RHE), at the interface with air. The impact of test substance on the viability of living cells inside RHE was assessed with several toxicological assays described in section 7.9.3 of the IUCLID dossier. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were performed in addition.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- carbon
- EC Number:
- 936-414-1
- Molecular formula:
- C
- IUPAC Name:
- carbon
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Administration / exposure
- Details on study design:
- DOSE PREPARATION
RHE were incubated for 24 h with PBS (CTL, control), with 1 mg/ml benzalkonium chloride (BC), with dispersing agents alone (HPC or F108), or with 100 µg/ml MWCNTs suspended in water (H2O + MWCNT), 100 µg/ml MWCNTs sonicated in water (H2O + sonicated MWCNT), 100 µg/ml MWCNTs sonicated in dispersing agents (HPC + sonicated MWCNT or F108 + sonicated MWCNT).
MWCNT stock suspensions were prepared by four different protocols:
. protocol i: strong stirring into pure water, raw MWCNTs formed big agglomerates of various diameters, with a peak centred at 1.4 µm.
. protocol ii: gentle sonication (5 W) for 90 min, a second peak spanning around 0.4 µm, which represents 40% in total weight
. protocol iii: sonicating MWCNTs for 90 min into sterile solutions of 1% HPC.
. protocol iv: sonicating MWCNTs for 90 min into sterile solutions of 1% F108. Indeed, virtually all MWCNTs (99.9% in weight) were found as mono-dispersed particles or very small agglomerates, as indicated by narrow peaks around 40 nm in HPC and 30 nm in F108.
TEM analysis confirmed that nanotubes were well isolated in HPC and F108, while water-suspended samples appeared as bundles containing thousands of interweaved nanotubes
APPLICATION OF DOSE:
These MWCNT stocks suspensions were diluted in cell culture medium in PBS (for RHE) to achieve a final concentration of 100 µg/ml before cell incubations.
Results and discussion
- Absorption in different matrices:
- Test substance meeting the form described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier (MWCNTs suspension and dry powder) is not able to enter epidermis through the corn barrier within 24-48 h, at least not at a sufficient amounts to generate measurable cytotoxicity.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
The effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes meeting the form described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier were investigated in reconstructed human epidermises. (RHE) Carbon nanotubes were subjected to dispersion protocols leading to different agglomeration states. No significanttrans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) drop was observed, indicating that nanotubes meeting the form described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier do not disconnect the tight intercellular junctions in epidermis within 24 h of exposure.
RHE were also incubated for 24 h with 2.5 mg/cm² dry multi-walled carbon nanotubes meeting the form described in section 4.5 of IUCLID dossier and then assayed for TEER. MWCNT powder did not alter this parameter.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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