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EC number: 271-802-8 | CAS number: 68608-82-2 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the alkylation of benzene with ethene. It consists primarily of ethylbiphenyls, diethylbenzenes with lesser amounts of butylbenzenes and polyethylbenzenes.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.22 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 45
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEC
- Value:
- 10.05 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- conversion from the rat LOAEC of 20 mg/m3 and differences in daily exposure times
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- ECHA guidance for LOAEC to NOEAC extrapolation and effect seen in females only
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- ECHA default, sub-chronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default, included in the conversion
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- based on ECETOC guidance for worker population and closed system use
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default, dataset reliable and consistent
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No other uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 3.6 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 90
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 320 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- Dermal absorption was taken as 16 times lower than via oral route.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Clear dose response
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 3
- Justification:
- ECHA default, sub-chronic to chronic duration
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA default for human to rat extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- based on ECETOC guidance for worker population and closed system use
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default, dataset reliable and consistent
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No other uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
Chronic, Systemic, Inhalation DNEL
The starting point for the calculation of the systemic, long term exposure DNEL is the 90-day inhalation study in rats, exposed 6h/d, 5d/week LOAEC of 20 mg/m3.
Dose Descriptor starting point for inhalation: 20mg/m3 * 6/8 * 0.67 = 10.05 mg/m3
The assessment factors chosen to convert this dose to a worker DNEL are as follows:
Dose response relationship - 3, LOAEC to NOAEC conversion default
Time Extrapolation – 2, Conversion from a sub chronic study to chronic default.
Other interspecies differences: 2.5, Default ECHA value.
Worker variability - 3, Based on ECETOC guidance and closed system use.
Additional uncertainty - 1, Absorption following inhalation is expected to be similar or greater in rats than in humans. No other uncertainties.
Total Assessment Factor = 45
Application of AF leads to a long-term systemic inhalation DNEL (worker) of 0.22 mg/m3
Chronic, systemic, Worker Dermal DNEL
The starting point for the long-term, systemic Dermal DNEL is the Oral combined repeated dose/reproductive screening study NOEL of 20 mg/kg bw/day.
In the summary of toxicokinetic properties of this substance it is indicated that the rate of absorption through the gut is far greater than the rate through the skin; 2,12 cm/h compared to 0.13 cm/h indicating a difference in bioavailability following dermal exposure compared to oral exposure. The rate of absorption through the gut is approximately 16 times greater than that through the skin. Therefore, it is considered that if penetration rate were the limiting factor then oral bioavailability would be 16 times greater than dermal. As such the starting point for Dermal DNEL derivation will be modified by a factor of 16.
Thus, the starting point for DNEL derivation is taken as 320 mg/kg bw/day
The assessment factors for extrapolating to a DNEL are as follows:
Allometric scaling: 4 (rat to man)
'Other differences': 2.5, ECHA default
Worker variability: 3, Based on the recent ECETOC guidance and closed system use.
Time extrapolation: 3, Conversion from a sub chronic study to chronic.
Quality of the database - 1 (the data are consistent and sufficient to conclude on a safe human level of exposure)
Total assessment factor: 90
Worker Dermal DNEL (systemic) = 320/60 = 3.6 mg/kg bw/day
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
There is no direct consumer exposure to this substance. Therefore, DNELs for inhalation and dermal exposure have not been calculated.
The possibility of indirect exposure via the environment is considered minimal since there are no intended releases of this material to the environment. Therefore, it was not considered necessary to calculate an oral DNEL for the general population.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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