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EC number: 237-430-5 | CAS number: 13780-39-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Water reactive materials - incorporataion into safety and environmental risk assessments
- Author:
- Fernie L, Wright P, Kapias T
- Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- Symposium Series No. 150, IChemE
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Titanium tetrachloride
- EC Number:
- 231-441-9
- EC Name:
- Titanium tetrachloride
- Cas Number:
- 7550-45-0
- IUPAC Name:
- titanium tetrachloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Titaniumtetrachloride
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): TiCl4
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
In Method A, the injected water was immediately covered with a white crust of titanium dioxide. Only 27% of the predicted theoretical yield of HCl occurred. In Method B, it appeard that in addition, some HCl that initially escaped as a gas dissolved in the excess water. The yield peaked at 16% of maximum after 1 min and dropped to 6% within 10 min. In the free atmosphere, a smaller fraction of the HCl produced would dissolve in the excess water as a result of advection.
Table 1: Mass of HCl (g) evolved
Time |
Method A |
Method B |
1 |
0.023 |
0.023 |
5 |
0.039 |
0.0114 |
10 |
0.039 |
0.091 |
20 |
0.039 |
0.091 |
It should be noted that the scope of these experiments was simple. Looking at their findings, one could draw the following conclusions: a. The theoretical yield of the reaction was measured to be equal to 27%. This result was based on the stoichiometry of the reaction "one molecule of Tic4 produces 4 molecules of HCI gas". In other words, it was noted that "one molecule of TiCI4 produces about 1 molecule of HCI gas". b. The reaction of liquid TiCl4 with water produces solid particles of a titanium compound. Based on themodynamic calculations, estimation methods and any other relevant information, it was shown that the number of these statements could not realistically represent the liquid phase hydrolysis reaction of TiCl4. Based on the conducted investigation, on the only piece of relevant experimental information and on certain indications found in the literature, the liquid phase hydrolysis reaction is described according to the following:
Tic14 (1) + 3H2O (l,v) -> Ti02 x H20 x 3HC1 (s) + HCl (g) DelatH (1)
According to the above reaction, liquid TiCl4 will react with ground water and atmospheric moisture producing a solid complex or "titanium oxychloride" and hydrogen chloride gas. It is concluded that the above reaction is a realistic representation under TiCl4 excess conditions, expected to be encountered in cases of accidental spills. Furthermore, it is compatible with the findings and conclusions observed in the only experimental work found on the topic. It should be noted that the conducted investigation has shown that the reaction of TiCl4 with water depends on the amount of water available for reaction. It is believed that under water excess conditions, the solid complex will further hydrolyse. possibly yielding titanium dioxide and HCI. When released to the atmosphere, liquid TiCl4 will create a pool that will either boil or evaporate, depending on the amount of water nvailitble for reaction and other parameters. The possibility of solidification is extremely low (m.p.TiCl4, = 250 K). As the pool spreads, will continuously react with any free ground water according to reaction (1). It will also absorb atmospheric moisture. A complex solid of "titanium oxychloride" will be produced by the overall hydrolysis process. These solid particles are assumed to settle onto the bottom of the pool, forming a film. Apart from HCI gas (directly produced by the reactions), TiCl4 will also evolve due to ils relatively high volatility. It should be noted that further experimental work would be necessary to define the exact kinetics and thermodynamics of the TiCl4 liquid phase hydrolysis reaction under different conditions.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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