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EC number: 200-268-0 | CAS number: 56-35-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Range finding - July 14 to 18 1989; Definitive test - July 28 to August 1 1989
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- Experiment performed under GLP conditions, but not according to standardised guidelines. Analytical verification of test concentrations performed, but resulted in an abornally high recovery of nominal concentrations
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A flow-through saltwater toxicity test was conducted at the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL) in Ocean Springs, Mississippi, to determine the acute effect of bis(tributyltin) oxide on the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin). The criteria of effect was reduced shell growth in treatment oysters compared to shell growth of the control oysters. Results of the test are reported as the 96-hour median effectlve concentration (EC50), the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC). Chemical analysis of all test media utilized n-pentyl derivatization followed by gas chromatography/flame photometric detection.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Control, 160, 266, 442, 737 and 1228 ng (Sn)/L.
- Sampling method: 200 ml of water sampled from one replicate below water surface and away from aquaria sides at least weekly
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Analysed immediately - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared by serial dilution from a primary stock which contained 126.2 mg TBTO in 250 mL of dimethylformamide (DMF).
- Eluate: Water+DMF+TBTO
- Controls: pure and solvent
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Dimethylformamide (DMF)
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): 0.01388 ml/L
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): None - Test organisms (species):
- other aquatic mollusc: Crassostrea virginica
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Eastern oyster
- Source: Aquacultural Research Corporation, Dennis, MA
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.74 g wet weight
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD): 28.1 ± 2.2 mm umbo to distal edge length (range 24 to 32)
- Peripheral shell growth removed prior to test initiation: Yes
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 48 hours
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Yes
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Good - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 27 to 28°C
- pH:
- 7.8 to 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ≥ 6.1 mg/L (or ≥ 87 % saturation)
- Salinity:
- 11 to 12 ppt
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured (nominal) concentrations: N.D. (Control). N.D. (Solvent Control), 49.1 (160), 88.8 (266), 16A (442), 313 (737), and 673 (1228) ng (Sn)/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 20L polycarbonate aquaria
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Polycarbonate, 13.3L fill volume
- Aeration: Via flow-through
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): Proportional diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 30L/hour
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Mississippi Sound adjacent to GCRL
- Total organic carbon: 7.83 to 11.3 mg/L
- Metals: At or below detection limit, execpt iron and nickel
- Pesticides: Below detection limit
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Weekly
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hour light:8 hour dark
- Light intensity: Fluorescent
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Shell deposition
A range finding study was reportedly performed, however no details are provided in the reporting of the study - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 129 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- other: shell deposition
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 49.1 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- other: shell deposition
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 88.8 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- other: shell deposition
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: None reported
- Other biological observations: Shell deposition (see table below)
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: None - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- N/A
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Shell growth of oysters in the seawater control and solvent control were compared by a Student's t-test to determine if there were any solvent effects. Differences in shell growth between the pooled controls and TBTO-exposed oysters were determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Williams (1972) multiple comparison test to identify those concentrations producing effects statistically greater than the control at a confidence level of 95 percent.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Eastern Oysters demonstrated reductions in shell deposition at concentrations >88.8 ng Sn as bis(tributlytin) oxide per litre of seawater. The 96-hour EC50 was 129 ng (Sn)/L based on new shell growth in comparison to the test controls. The LOEC was 88.8 ng (Sn)/L. and the NOEC was 49.1 ng (Sn)/L.
- Executive summary:
Bis(tributyltin) oxide; CAS No. 56-35-9; 97.5 percent bis(tributyltin) oxide (39.3 percent elemental tin) containing 0.089 percent dibutyltin oxide (DBTO), 0.09 percent Chloride, and 2.3A percent other tin compounds as reported by M&T Chemicals, Inc. An analysis for purity on September 11, 1989 by the Analytical Chemistry Sectlon of GCRL indicated 97.9 percent bis(tributyltin) oxide, 1.0 percent dibutyltin dichloride and 1.05 percent tetrabutyltin.
Natural Unfiltered Seawater amended with sea salts to 12 ppt salinity; test temperature range of 27 to 28°C.
Oysters averaged 28.1±2.2 mm umbo to distal edge length (range 2A to to 32 mm) and 0.7A g wet weight and appeared in good physical condition at initiation of task 3.
The 96-hour EC50 was 129 ng (Sn)/L; the NOEC was 49.1 ng (Sn)/L; and the LOEC was 88.8 ng (Sn)/L.
Reference
Table 1: New shell growth of the eastern oyster exposed to TBTO for 96 hours under continuous flow-through conditions
Mean measured concentration (ng SN/L, ppt) |
Mean new shell growth, mm (SD) |
Control |
1.03 (0.43) |
Solvent control |
1.40 (1.04) |
49.1 |
1.02 (0.87) |
88.8 |
0.70 (0.44)* |
164 |
0.50 (0.43)* |
313 |
0.28 (0.25)* |
673 |
0.64 (0.47)* |
* significantly different from control
Description of key information
A flow-through saltwater toxicity test was conducted to determine the acute effect of bis(tributyltin) oxide on the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin (reduced shell growth). Reductions in shell deposition at concentrations >88.8 ng Sn as bis(tributlytin) oxide per litre of seawater. The 96-hour EC50 was 129 ng (Sn)/L based on new shell growth in comparison to the test controls. The LOEC was 88.8 ng (Sn)/L. and the NOEC was 49.1 ng (Sn)/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 129 ng/L
Additional information
The key study, Walker, W.W. (1990), though not conducted to a standardised guideline, the study was performed in line with good scientific principles and in compliance with GLP. The study was assigned a reliability score of 2 and considered adequate for assessment.
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