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EC number: 205-334-2 | CAS number: 138-59-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- May - August 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted under CLP conditions and in acc. with ISO International Standard 8692.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 001
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid
- EC Number:
- 205-334-2
- EC Name:
- (3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid
- Cas Number:
- 138-59-0
- Molecular formula:
- C7H10O5
- IUPAC Name:
- (3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid
- Details on test material:
- - Description : white powder
- Purity : 98,9 %
- Test substance storage : in refrigerator in the dark
- Stability under storage conditions : stable
- Expiry date : 3 March 2002
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- During the final test samples were taken from three concentrations, i.e. 2.2, 22 and 100 mg/l and
the blank-control.
Frequency : at t=O h, t=24 h and t=72 h
Volume : 10 ml
Storage : Samples were transferred to Analytical Chemistry directly after sampling.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- M2-medium according to the ISO-Standard "Algal growth inhibition test" Nov. 1989; formulated using
Milli-Q water preventing precipitation and with the following composition:
NH4CI 15 mg/l
MgCI2.6H20 12 mg/l
CaCI2.2H20 18 mg/l
MgS04.7H20 15 mg/l
KH2P04 1.6 mg/l
FeCI3.6H20 80 µg/l
Na2EDTA.2H20 100 µg/l
H3B03 185 µg/l
MnCI2.4H20 415 µg/l
ZnCI2 3 µg/l
CoCI2.6H20 1.5 µg/l
CuCI2.2H20 0.01 µg/l
Na2Mo04.2H20 7 µg/l
NaHC03 50 mg/1
Hardness (Ca+Mg) 0.24 mmol/l (24 mg CaCO3/l)
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Species : Selenastrum capricornutum, strain: CCAP 278/4.
- Reason for selection : This system is an unicellular algal species sensitive to toxic substances in the aquatic ecosystem and has been selected as an internationally accepted species.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- Every day in a temperature-control vessel.
- pH:
- At the begining and at the end if the test.
The pH of the solution should preferably not deviate by more than 1,5 units during the test. - Details on test conditions:
- - Stock culture
Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light (4000-9000 lux) in a climate room at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C.
- Pre-culture
3 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium at a cell density of 2x 10000 cells/ml. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. The cell density was measured immediately before use.
- Concentrations : 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/l
- Controls : Test medium without test substance or other additives (blank).
- Replicates
3 replicates of each test concentration.
6 replicates of the blank-control.
1 replicate of each concentration without algae. extra replicates of each test concentration for sampling purposes. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Test medium without test substance or other additives.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
1. In the controls, cell density increased by an average factor of > 16 within three days.
2. Analysis of samples taken during the study showed that the actual exposure concentrations could not be maintained above 80% relative to theinitial concentration. This could not be prevented, as the experimental design does not allow for intermittent renewal. However, the current study included exposure to the degradation products, which will also occur in the aquatic environment after a possible discharge or spill.
3. Further, all test conditions remained within the ranges prescribed by the protocol, except for the pH in some of the treated groups. The pH increased by more than 1.5 unit, but this was related to a relative high rate of algal growth. Hence, this deviation did not affect the validity criterion for algal growth.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study with Selenastrum capricornutum, SHIKIMIC ACID reduced growth rate of this fresh water algae species significantly at nominally 100 mg/l, corresponding with an average measured exposure concentration of 34 mg/l.
The EC50 for both growth rate reduction (ERC50: 0-72h) and cell growth inhibition (E8C50: 0-72h) were beyond the range tested, i.e. above nomnally 100 mg/l corresponding with an average exposure concentration of 34 mg/l.
The NOEC for both cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction were at nominally 46 mg/l, corresponding with an average exposure concentration of 16 mg/l. - Executive summary:
Selenastrum capricornutum, Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with SHIKIMIC ACID.
The study procedures described in this report were based on the EEC Directive 92/69, Publication No. L383 Part C-3 adopted December, 1992; OECD guideline No. 201, Adopted June 7, 1984; and ISO Standard 8692, First edition, 15 November 1989.
The batch of SHIKIMIC ACID tested was a white powder with a purity of 98.9% and the substance was completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested.
After a range-finding test, a final EC50 test was performed exposing exponentially growing algal cultures to nominal SHIKIMIC ACID concentrations of 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/l. The study further included a blank-control. The initial cell density was 104 cells/ml. The total test period was 72 hours. Samples for determination of actual exposure concentrations were taken at the start, after 24 hours and at the end of the 72-hour test period.
Analysis of the samples taken at the start of the final test showed that the actual test concentrations were in agreement with nominal (91-102%). After 24 hours of exposure measured concentrations at 4.6 to 100 mg/l had remained stable and in agreement with nominal (90-102%). However, the measured concentration at nominally 2.2 mg/l had decreased to 0.6 mg/l, i.e. by approximately 70% below initial. At the end of the 72-hour test period no detectable test substance concentrations were found in the samples taken from 2.2, 22, 46 and 100 mg/l (<0.04 mg/l). Measured concentrations at nominally 100 mg/l without algae had decreased to 0.13 mg/l. The average exposure concentrations at the concentrations essential for determination of the effect parameters, i.e. 46 and 100 mg/l, were 16 and 34 mg/l, respectively.
SHIKIMIC ACID reduced growth rate of this fresh water algae species significantly at nominally 100 mg/l, corresponding with an average measured exposure concentration of 34 mg/l.
The EC50 for both growth rate reduction (ERC50: 0-72h) and cell growth inhibition (EBC50: 0-72h)
were beyond the range tested, i.e. above nominally 100 mg/1 corresponding with an average exposure
concentration of 34 mg/1.
The NOEC for both cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction were at nominally 46 mg/l,
corresponding with an average exposure concentration of 16 mg/l.
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