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EC number: 212-832-3 | CAS number: 872-85-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25 May - 23 June 1983
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP -guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 983
- Report date:
- 1983
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Isonicotinaldehyde
- EC Number:
- 212-832-3
- EC Name:
- Isonicotinaldehyde
- Cas Number:
- 872-85-5
- Molecular formula:
- C6H5NO
- IUPAC Name:
- pyridine-4-carbaldehyde
- Test material form:
- other: liquid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report) : Pyridin-4-aldehyd
- Physical state : liquid
- Analytical purity :minimum 85% (GC)
- Lot/batch No. : 05394
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: outbred WISTARSTOCK kfm. WIST (SPF Han.)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Kleintierfarm Madoerin AG , 4414 Fuellinsdorf , Switzerland
- Age at study initiation: 7 - 11 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: males : 185-224 g , females : 164-182 g
- Fasting period before study: 12-18 hours (overnight) before treatment , approximately 1 hour after treatment
- Housing: animals were caged in groups of five in Macrolon cages type 3 with wire mesh lids and standardized granulated soft wood bedding
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): pelleted standard Kliba 343 , Batch 74/83 and 77/83 rat maintenance diet, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water , ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 1 week under test conditions
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 +/- 2
- Humidity (%): 55 +/- 10
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)
- Remarks:
- 2% solution of CMC in distilled water
- Details on oral exposure:
- VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle : no data
A dilution (w/w) of the test article was prepared using a homogenizer . A magnetic stirrer was used to maintain homogeneity during treatment .
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage):
Volume/kg body weight :
10 ml at 1000 mg/kg
10 ml at 3000 mg/kg
5 ml at 5000 mg/kg
The rats of the 5000 mg/kg group were treated with the undiluted test article . - Doses:
- - 1000 mg/kg bw
- 3000 mg/kg bw
- 5000 mg/kg bw - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:
Mortality : Five times during the first day , daily thereafter
Body weight : Body weights were recorded on the day of administration and days 8 and 15 of the test
Symptoms : Five times at day 1 , daily thereafter for the nature , onset , severity and duration of all gross or visible toxic or pharmacologic effects or time of death
- Necropsy of survivors performed:
yes , all test animals were subjected to a complete gross necropsy . All animals surviving to termination were killed by exsanguination after pentobarbital anestesia . All organ abnormalities were recorded .
- Other examinations performed : The animals were checked daily for the symptoms listed below .
General behaviour : aggressive,crying,restlessness/excitement,nervousness,fear,sedation,somnolence,sleep,coma
Respiration : apnea,dyspnea
Eye : chromodacryorrhea,exophthalmos,miosis,mydriasis,whitish discharge,lid adhesion
Nose : rhinorrhea,epistaxis
Motility : akinesia,ataxia,drooped head,hyperkinesia,hypokinesia,paralysis flaccid,paralysis spatic,paddling movements,stiff movements,rolling movements,hunched posture
Body position : ventral body position,latero-abdominal position,curved body position
Skin : erythema,edema,necrosis
Motor susceptibility : spasms,tonic muscle spasms,clonic muscle spasms,opisthotonus,saltatory spasms,trismus,retching,"Straub" phenomenon,tremor,muscle -twitching
Various : loss of weight,emaciation,negative corneal reflex,diarrhea,ruffled fur,necrosis of tissue of application area,salivation,pallor,cyanosis - Statistics:
- The LOGIT Model (COX , Analysis of Binary Data , London 1977) was applied to estimate the LD50 value . Additionally , the 90 , 95 and 99% confidence intervals for the LD50 for each sex and the slope of the concentration response line was estimated .
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 2 442 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 1 319 - <= 4 069
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 2 167 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 1 091 - <= 3 360
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 2 355 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 1 660 - <= 3 093
- Mortality:
- For detailed results see Tables 7 at "any other information on results incl. tables"
- Clinical signs:
- other: For detailed results see Tables 1 - 6 at "any other information on results incl. tables"
- Gross pathology:
- Necropsy :
In three male and four female rats of the 3000 mg/kg group , which died at day two of test , dark-red , mottled , liver , lungs and kidneys as well as suspecious corrosion of stomach was observed . In one male rat of the same group , killed at termination , mottled lung was seen .
Five male and five female rats of the 5000 mg/kg group , showed suspecious corrosion of stomach and duodenum , filled with reddish contents .
For detailed description of the findings see at "any other information on results incl. tables"
Any other information on results incl. tables
Signs and symptoms
Table 1 : Dose 1000 mg/kg
Males No. 1 -5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Test day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
hrs. after start exp. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 24 | |||||||||||||
crying | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
restlessness | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
dyspnea | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
curved body position | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ruffled fur | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
hyperaemia |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Table 2 : Dose 1000 mg/kg
Females No. 26 -30 | ||||||||||||||||||
Test day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
hrs. after start exp. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 24 | |||||||||||||
crying | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
restlessness | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
dyspnea | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
curved body position | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ruffled fur | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
hyperaemia |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Table 3 : Dose 3000 mg/kg
Males No. 11 - 15 | ||||||||||||||||||
Test day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
hrs. after start exp. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5* | 24 | |||||||||||||
sedation | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
dyspnea | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
curved body position | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ruffled fur | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
* Due to technical reasons no observation posible
Table 4 : Dose 3000 mg/kg
Females No. 36 -40 | ||||||||||||||||||
Test day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
hrs. after start exp. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5* | 24 | |||||||||||||
sedation | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
dyspnea | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ataxia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ventral body position | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
latero-abdominal position | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
curved body position |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ruffled fur | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
* Due to technical reasons no observation posible
Table 5 : Dose 5000 mg/kg
Males No. 6 - 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
Test day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
hrs. after start exp. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 24 | |||||||||||||
aggressive | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
restlessness | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
sedation | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
dyspnea | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
ventral body position |
1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
curved body position | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | DEAD | |||||||||||||
spasms | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
ruffled fur | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
cyanosis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Table 6 : Dose 5000 mg/kg
Females No. 31 - 35 | ||||||||||||||||||
Test day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
hrs. after start exp. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 24 | |||||||||||||
aggressive | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
restlessness | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
sedation | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
dyspnea | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
ventral body position |
1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
curved body position | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | DEAD | |||||||||||||
spasms | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
ruffled fur | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
cyanosis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Key : 0=none , 1=slight , 2=moderate , 3=severe
Table 7 : Mortality
Time of death | ||||||||||||||||||||
Test day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |||||
hrs. after start exp. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 24 | |||||||||||||||
Dose (mg/kg) | Number of dead animals | |||||||||||||||||||
Males | ||||||||||||||||||||
1000 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
3000 | 3 | - | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
5000 | 5 | - | 2 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Females |
||||||||||||||||||||
1000 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
3000 | 4 | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
5000 | 5 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Detailed description of necropsy :
1000 mg/kg (killed at termination)
males , No. 1 - 5 :
No pathologic changes
females , No. 26 - 30 :
No pathologic changes
3000 mg/kg
male , No. 11 - 13 : dead day 2
Liver : mottled , dark red
Lung : mottled , dark-red
Stomach : suspecious of corrosion , severe
females No. 36, 38 -40 :
Liver : mottled , dark-red (No. 36, 38 -40)
Kidneys : mottled , dark-red (No. 39)
Lung : mottled , dark-red (No. 38, 40)
Stomach : suspecious of corrosion , slight
male No. 14 : killed at termination , No pathologic changes
male No. 15 : killed at termination , Lung : mottled
female No. 37 : killed at termination , No pathologic changes
5000 mg/kg (dead day 1)
males No. 6 -10 :
Stomach : suspecious of corrosion
Duodenum : severe ; contents reddish
females No. 31 -35 :
Stomach : suspecious of corrosion
Duodenum : severe ; contents reddish
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not classified
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The study was performed according to the OECD TG401 without deviations and therefore considered to be of the highest quality (reliability Klimisch 1). The validity criteria of the test system are fulfilled. The test material did induce mortality and treatment-related clinical signs in the dose group of 5000 mg/kg bw (100 % mortality) and in dose group 3000 mg/kg bw (70 % mortality). In the dose group 1000 mg/kg bw treatment-related clinical signs were observed too (0% mortality). The LD50 was identified to be 2355 mg/kg bw for rats of both sexes with a 95% confidence interval of 1660 – 3093 mg/kg bw.
- Executive summary:
The acute oral toxicity of the test material was investigated in rats of both sexes. The test was conducted according to OECD TG401. As doses 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg bw of the test substance were administered via gavage to the rats. Observations were made for a period of 14 days.
The following symptoms were observed :
- 1000 mg/kg bw : crying, restlessness, dyspnea, curved body position, ruffled fur, hyperaemia
- 3000 mg/kg bw : sedation, dyspnea, curved body position, ruffled fur
- 5000 mg/kg bw : aggressive, restlessness, sedation, dyspnea, ventral- and curved body position, spasms, ruffled fur
The above symptoms increased in intensity with higher dose levels.
All animals in the highest dose group died within 24 hours. In the 3000 mg/kg bw dose group 7 animals died within 24 hours. No animals died in the lowest dose group. The gross pathology performed after sacrifice reveals the following findings :
1000 mg/kg (killed at termination)
males , No. 1 - 5 :
No pathologic changes
females , No. 26 - 30 :
No pathologic changes
3000 mg/kg
male , No. 11 - 13 : dead day 2
Liver : mottled , dark red
Lung : mottled , dark-red
Stomach : suspecious of corrosion , severe
females No. 36, 38 -40 :
Liver : mottled , dark-red (No. 36, 38 -40)
Kidneys : mottled , dark-red (No. 39)
Lung : mottled , dark-red (No. 38, 40)
Stomach : suspecious of corrosion , slight
male No. 14 : killed at termination, No pathologic changes
male No. 15 : killed at termination, Lung : mottled
female No. 37 : killed at termination, No pathologic changes
5000 mg/kg (dead day 1)
males No. 6 -10 :
Stomach : suspecious of corrosion
Duodenum : severe ; contents reddish
females No. 31 -35 :
Stomach : suspecious of corrosion
Duodenum : severe ; contents reddish
An oral LD50 was identified to be 2355 mg/kg bw for rats of both sexes with a 95% confidence interval of 1660 – 3093 mg/kg bw.
LD50 (males) : 2442 mg/kg bw with a 95% Confidence interval of 1319 - 4069 mg/kg bw
LD50 (females) : 2167 mg/kg bw with a 95% Confidence interval of 1091 - 3360 mg/kg bw
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