3-chloroaniline

Long-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

fish early-life stage toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Relaible source.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Quantitative structure-activity relationships for fish early life stage toxicity

Author:

van Leeuwen, C. J. et al.

Year:

1990

Bibliographic source:

Aqualic Toxicology, 16 ( 1990) 321-334

Materials and methods

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

3-chloroaniline

EC Number:

203-581-0

EC Name:

3-chloroaniline

Cas Number:

108-42-9

Molecular formula:

C6H6ClN

IUPAC Name:

3-chloroaniline

Test material form:

other: liquid

Details on test material:

- Purity: 98 (Supplier: Merck-Schuchardt)
- Empirical formula: C6H6ClN
- Molecular mass: 127.58 g/mole

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

The ratio between the concentrations was 1.8. The test solutions were renewed 3 times a week. In the tests with 3-chloroaniline, the test solutions were gently aerated. In several instances dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was used as solvent for 3-chloroaniline. DMSO concentrations were kept below 100 µL/L. The effects of DMSO were verified in solvent control experiments. pH and oxygen concentrations were measured at regular intervals.
The photoperiod was 12 hours.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

Fertilized eggs of zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) in the blastula stage were obtained from a stock culture at the TNO Iabaratory of 50-100 eggs ( < 6 h
after spawning) into 1-liter glass test vessels filled with 1-liter test solution. After one day all non-viable eggs were remcived and the number of viable eggs was reduced to a maximum of 40 per concentration. In case the number of viable eggs in the controls fell below 25 after 48 h, the test was discarded. The embryolarval stages were exposed in a semistatic manner to 7-8 toxicant concentrations and a control for a period of 28 days. Upon completion of hatching (4-5 days), the fry were transferred into two vessels per concentration. The fry were fed equal amounts of the rotifer Brachionus rubens, obtained from a Iabaratory culture. After 7 days this food was supplemented by 48-h old nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. The nauplii were enriched with Selco, a commercial concentrate for nutritional enrichment of live food for fish.

Study design

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Test conditions

Hardness:

210 mg/L CaCO3 = 11.8 °dH

Test temperature:

24 ± 2°C

pH:

8.0 -8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

7.7 mg/L

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

6.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: (5.8 - 8.0 mg/L)

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

other: NOCL

Effect conc.:

5.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Any other information on results incl. tables

Calculations and statistics

The LC50 and 95% confidence Iimits (C.L) were calculated according to Kooyman (1981). If a test yielded concentrations without partial kills, the geometric mean of the 0 and 100% effect concentrations was taken as the LC50 and binomial confidence limits were calculated (Stephan, 1977). In order to calculate the no observed lethal concentration (NOLC: the highest concentration tested without significant effects on survival) and no observed effect concentration (NOEC: the highest concentration tested without; significant effects on survival, hatching and growth), a two-stage approach was applied to exclude any possible effects of size-selective mortality. First the NOLC was determined. Differences in mean survival in the experimental concentrations were tested against the blank control by means of a x² test (Sokal and Rohlf, 1981). Differences in mean length between treatments and blank control were tested using procedures described by Williams (1971, 1972), after verifying the differences between blank and solvent controls. The Williams' test was applied only to those concentrations which were equal to or below the NOLC. Differences were considered to be significant at α = 0.05.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The early life stage toxicity to fish (Danio erio) was tested in a semistatic test. After 28 days of exposure a LC50 of 6.8 mg/L was measured and a NOLC of 5.6 mg/L and a NOEC of 1.0 mg/L was calculated.

Executive summary:

The early life stage toxicity to fish (Danio erio) was tested in a semistatic test. After 28 days of exposure a LC50 of 6.8 mg/L was measured and a NOLC of 5.6 mg/L and a NOEC of 1.0 mg/L was calculated.