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EC number: 287-024-7 | CAS number: 85408-62-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009.08.13 to 2009.09.15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study Conducted According to GLP and OECD 210, Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test Guideline
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 210 (Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
Reference
- Name:
- Unnamed
- Type:
- Constituent
- Details on test material:
- Name of test material as cited in test report: SLI (76) Stripped
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Nominal Concentrations: 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 mg/L
- Measured Total Concentrations: 0.11, 0.22, 0.36, 0.58 mg/L
- Measured Dissolved Concentrations: 0.045, 0.11, 0.20, 0.33 mg/L
- Sampling method (total concentration):
1. 10 ml of sample taken by syringe (Plastic 10ml Luer-Lok syringe)
2. 5.0 ml expressed to waste
3. Remaining 5.0 ml collected in a glass centrifuge tube
4. 5.0 ml of methanol added to the centrifuge tube using the same syringe
5. Sample thoroughly mixed and ultra-sonicated for 15 minutes
6. Sample centrifuged at 960 g for 30 minutes at 22 °C
7. Aliquot of the supernatant taken by for analysis
- Sampling method (dissolved concentrations)
1. 10 ml of sample taken by syringe (Plastic 10ml Luer-Lok syringe)
2. Luer lock syringe filter (Millex – HV, Durapore PVDF, 25mm, 0.45µm) attached to syringe
3. 5.0 ml filtered to waste
4. Remaining 5.0 ml filtered into a glass centrifuge tube
5. Filter discarded
6. 5.0 ml of methanol added to the centrifuge tube using the same syringe
7. Sample thoroughly mixed and ultra-sonicated for 15 minutes
8. Sample centrifuged at 960 g for 30 minutes at 22 °C
9. Aliquot of the supernatant taken by for analysis
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: No data
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: fathead minnow
- Source: embryos used in this study (batch 167-09) were obtained from brood stock held at Brixham Environmental Laboratory
- Source: adult fish used in this study (batch 207-08) were received, as embryos, at Brixham Laboratory from Aquatic Research Organisms, PO Box 1271, 1 Lafayette Road, Hampton, NH 03842, USA.
During the months prior to the start of the exposure they showed no evidence of disease and were held at a temperature of 25 ± 1 degrees C.
The broodstock used for the study were held in 45 l glass tanks under artificial lighting and were contained in water as described for the test dilution water, except that the water was only filtered to 10 µm before use. They were fed daily using a proprietary brand of high protein pelleted fish food, supplemented with frozen brine shrimp. No mortalities were recorded within seven days prior to the start of the study.
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF FERTILIZED EGGS
The adult fish were separated into breeding groups with approximately 3 males and 6 females in each tank. The eggs from the spawnings in 6 brood tanks were collected and pooled in a dish filled with dilution water. Each batch of eggs was less than 24 hours old, and all batches were at either early-cleavage or morula stage of development. Sets of 5 eggs were impartially selected, microscopically examined for viability and placed into incubation cups. This process was repeated until each incubation cup contained a nominal 15 impartially selected eggs.
POST-HATCH FEEDING
- Start date: 2009-08-17
- Type/source of feed: rotifers for first 4 days followed by rotifers and artemia
- Amount given: 0-7 d: 4.5 mL rotifers per tank per feed; 5-26 d: 0.30 to 4.5 mL artemia (increasing amounts during study period)
- Frequency of feeding: twice per day
Study design
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 32 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Measured once per week in all test concentrations and control vessels. Reported total hardness at start of study was 35.1 (SD = 1.1) mg/L CaCO3 and at the end of the study was 50.3 (SD = 1.1) mg/L CaCO3.
- Test temperature:
- 25.0 to 25.7 degrees C
- pH:
- 7.43 to 7.80
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.8 to 9.0 mg/L
- Salinity:
- 0.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal Concentrations: 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 mg/L
- Measured Total Concentrations: 0.11, 0.22, 0.36, 0.58 mg/L
- Measured Dissolved Concentrations: 0.045, 0.11, 0.20, 0.33 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Emybro cups (if used, type/material, size, fill volume):
Egg incubation cups (2 per replicate tank) were made from 80 mm standard lengths of 50 mm diameter glass tubing with nylon mesh attached to the bottom of each cup using silicone sealant. The cups were suspended in the test vessels and oscillated vertically over a distance of approximately 20 - 50 mm at a rate of 2 oscillations min-1.
- Test vessel:
The test vessels were of all glass construction, rectangular in shape with external dimensions of 305 mm x 205 mm x 210 mm (standard length x width x depth) and a maximum capacity of approximately 12 L. The test solution volume used was nominally 9.5 L. Two replicate test vessels (termed A and B) were employed for each treatment.
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter):
A dynamic (flow through) test system was used for the study. The test apparatus was constructed of glass with a minimum of other materials (silicone tubing and sealant) in contact with the test solutions. Settling vessels, 2 L glass beakers with a nominal working volume of 1000 ml, were introduced to remove as much particulate matter from the system prior to the test solution reaching the test vessels.
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 35 tank volumes per day
- No. of fertilized eggs/embryos per vessel: 2x15 per vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2 tanks
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): Not applicable
- Biomass loading rate: no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
The dilution water was dechlorinated tap water, which had been passed through activated carbon, coarsely filtered to remove particulate material and dechlorinated with sodium thiosulphate. Salts were added, as required, to maintain minimum hardness levels, and the treated water was then passed through an ultraviolet steriliser to a set of 20 and 10 µm filters. The supply was then delivered to a temperature controlled header tank in the test laboratory set to the nominal test temperature of 25 ± 1 degrees C and finally re-filtered at 5 µm before use.
- Dissolved organic carbon: 0.440 mg/L
- Suspended solids: <3.0 mg/L
- Metals:
Metals reported as µg/L (sampled on 3 June 2009)
Cd Hg Ag Al As Cr Co
<0.100 <2.000 <1.00 <10.0 <1.00 <0.500 <1.00
Cu Fe Pb Mn Ni Zn B
<1.000 <30.0 <2.000 <10.0 <1.00 <5.00 <100.
- Pesticides:
Pesticides, highest values reported as µg/L (sampled on 3 June and 16 September# 2009)
Organochlorine pesticides Organophosphorous pesticides PCBs
<0.0500 <0.0100 <0.00500
- Chlorine: <2 µg/L
- Alkalinity: 22.9 mg/L
- Ca/Mg ratio: 11.2:3.0
- Conductivity:208 µS/cm
- Salinity: <0.1
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and conductivity were measured daily. Alkalinity, hardness and free and residual chlorine measured once per week. All other water quality parameters were measured quarterly.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 hrs light, 8 hrs dark (with a 20 minute dawn and dusk transition)
- Light intensity: 680, 740 and 540 lux taken from centre and either end of test rig.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Hatch, Survival, length and weight
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
A range finder study was conducted but not according to GLP and not included in this report.
POST-HATCH DETAILS
- Begin of post-hatch period: 2009-08-17
- No. of hatched eggs (alevins)/treatment released to the test chamber:
For each concentration and control there were 4 replicates of 15 eggs (a total of 60 eggs)
Control: 60 hatched
Dissolved measured
0.045 mg/L: 57 hatched
0.11 mg/L: 60 hatched
0.20 mg/L: 58 hatched
0.33 mg/L: 3 hatched
- Release of alevins from incubation cups to test chamber on day no.: 24 h after hatch day
FERTILIZATION SUCCESS STUDY
- Number of eggs used: 60 x 5 (300)
- Removal of eggs to check the embryonic development on day no.: no data - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- number hatched
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- number hatched
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.045 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.045 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.33 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- number hatched
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.58 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- number hatched
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.22 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.22 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Details on results:
- - Mortality/survival at embryoand larval stages (see table 1 below)
- Days to hatch or time to release of young: 4 days
- Numbers hatched (see table 1 below)
- Observations on body length and weight of young and/or exposed parents at one or more time periods (see table 2 and 3)
- Number of healthy fish at end of test - see table 1
- Type of and number with morphological and behaviour abnormalities:
Observations of the behaviour and any symptoms of abnormality were made throughout the test and the following were described:
Four of the newly hatched fry appeared to be paler and weaker than the rest (nominal 0.32, 0.56 & 1.0 mg/L). On Day 7 post hatch two smaller, weaker fry were noted as well as 2 deformed fry (nominal 0.56 mg/L). By Day 14 post hatch six small fry were observed within the study (nominal 0.32, 0.56 & 1.0 mg/L) and on Day 21 post hatch five small fry were observed (DWC and nominal 0.32, 0.56 & 1.0 mg/L). It was also noted that a number of the fry appeared to be paler in appearance to the rest (not concentration related). At the end of the study, Day 28 post hatch, 4 of the small fry remained (DWC and nominal 0.32, 0.56 & 1.0 mg/L) but there were no longer any pale or deformed fry present and the remainder of the fry appeared to be healthy.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no data
- Incidents in the course of the test which might have influenced the results: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The acceptability of the test was considered from the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD), of the dry weights of the fish, which were alive at the end of the test in the controls. The values obtained were 34 and 25 % for A and B replicates, respectively. The RSD is defined as the standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the mean (this is equivalent to the coefficient of variation). The RSD for weight data were all less than 40% and are, therefore, considered acceptable according to the EPA Standard Evaluation Procedure.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: HATCH AND SURVIVAL DATA
Nominal conc of SLI (76) STRIPPED |
Mean measured conc of SLI (76) STRIPPED Dissolved (Total)
(mg l-1) |
Replicate |
Number of eggs at start |
Number of larvaea |
Percentage hatch |
Number of larvae surviving at |
Percentage survival of larvae from release to 28 days post hatch |
|||
|
|
|
Hatcheda |
Releasedb |
Individual |
Pooled |
28 days |
Individual |
Pooled |
|
(mg l-1) |
|
|
|
|
replicates |
replicates |
post hatch |
replicates |
replicates |
|
Dilution water control |
Dilution water control |
A1 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
100 |
28
|
93
|
90
|
A2 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
||||||
B1 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
26
|
87
|
||||
B2 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
||||||
0.32 |
0.045 (0.11) |
A1 |
15 |
14 |
14 |
93 |
95 |
24
|
83
|
81
|
A2 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
||||||
B1 |
15 |
13 |
13 |
87 |
22
|
79
|
||||
B2 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
||||||
0.56 |
0.11 (0.22) |
A1 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
100 |
21
|
70
|
73*
|
A2 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
||||||
B1 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
23
|
77
|
||||
B2 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
||||||
1.0 |
0.20 (0.36) |
A1 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
97 |
17
|
59
|
67*
|
A2 |
15 |
14 |
14 |
93 |
||||||
B1 |
15 |
14 |
14 |
93 |
22
|
76
|
||||
B2 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
100 |
||||||
1.8 |
0.33 (0.58) |
A1 |
15 |
1 |
0 |
7 |
5* |
0
|
-
|
50* |
A2 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||||
B1 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
50 |
||||
B2 |
15 |
2 |
2 |
13 |
a: Live fry hatched
b: Surviving fry released into tank;boldfigures indicate an incubation cup in which there were fry which were dead when hatched (numbers of deaths are by subtraction from the number hatched)
*: Statistically significant difference between treatment and DWC (p <0.05)
Table 2 LARVAL STANDARD LENGTHS (mm) AT 28 DAYS POST-HATCH
Pooled replicates
Nominal conc of SLI (76) STRIPPED
(mg l-1) |
Mean measured conc of SLI (76) STRIPPED Dissolved (Total)
(mg l-1) |
Number of fish |
Mean
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Standard deviation |
Relative standard deviation (%) |
Dilution water control |
Dilution water control |
54 |
20.18 |
10.34 |
23.94 |
2.32 |
11 |
0.32 |
0.045 (0.11) |
46 |
21.76 |
13.01 |
26.81 |
2.33 |
11 |
0.56 |
0.11 (0.22) |
44 |
21.34 |
13.00 |
24.62 |
2.08 |
10 |
1.0 |
0.20 (0.36) |
39 |
21.54 |
10.27 |
25.17 |
2.99 |
14 |
The nominal 1.8 mg l-1concentration was not included in the calculations as only 1 larvae survived.
No significant differences were found.
Table 3: LARVAL DRY WEIGHTS (mg) AT 28 DAYS POST-HATCH
Nominal conc of SLI (76) STRIPPED
(mg l-1) |
Nominal conc of SLI (76) STRIPPED
(mg l-1) |
Number of fish |
Mean
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Standard deviation |
Relative standard deviation (%) |
Dilution water control |
Dilution water control |
54 |
31.81 |
1.90 |
51.00 |
9.54 |
30 |
0.32 |
0.045 (0.11) |
54 |
31.66 |
5.10 |
65.70 |
16.75 |
30 |
0.56* |
0.11* (0.22) |
44 |
37.44 |
6.80 |
58.50 |
10.84 |
29 |
1.0* |
0.20* (0.36) |
39 |
39.14 |
2.50 |
62.10 |
14.02 |
36 |
* Statistically significant difference between treatment and DWC (p <0.05)
A statistically significant increase in dry weight was detected in the 0.56 and 1.0 mg l-1when compared with the dilution water control, however, this was not considered to be an adverse biological effect.
The nominal 1.8 mg l-1concentration was not included in the calculations as only 1 larvae survived.Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- For all the biological parameters included in the evaluation (hatch, survival, standard length, and dry weight) the overall results based on mean measured dissolved concentrations (numbers in brackets are mean measured total concentrations) are:
No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC): 0.045 (0.11) mg/L
Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC): 0.11 (0.22) mg/L - Executive summary:
An OECD 210 Fish Early Life stage toxicity of SLI(76) stripped to fathead minnow was conducted.
For all the biological parameters included in the evaluation (hatch, survival, standard length, and dry weight) the overall results based on mean measured dissolved concentrations (numbers in brackets are mean measured total concentrations) are: No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC): 0.045 (0.11) mg/L Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC): 0.11 (0.22) mg/L.
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