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EC number: 232-191-3 | CAS number: 7789-80-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- one-generation reproductive toxicity
- Remarks:
- based on test type (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Developmental toxicity and psychotoxicity of potassium iodide in rats: a case for the inclusion of behaviour in toxicological assessment.
- Author:
- Vorhees CV, Butcher RE, Brunner RL
- Year:
- 1 984
- Bibliographic source:
- Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1984 Dec; Vol 22 (12): 963-970
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other:
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Potassium iodide (KI) was fed to male and female rats before and during breeding, to females only during gestation and lactation, at levels of 0, 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1% (w/w) of the diet. Dams in a fifth group (positive controls) were given 4 mg/kg ip of the anti-mitotic/cytotoxic drug 5-azacytidine on day 17 of gestation. The rats were evaluated for effects.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium iodide
- EC Number:
- 231-659-4
- EC Name:
- Potassium iodide
- Cas Number:
- 7681-11-0
- IUPAC Name:
- potassium iodide
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report):potassium iodide
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): KI
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 166.00
- Substance type: Inorganic
- Physical state: Solid
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Laboratory Supply Co., Indianapolis, IN
- Weight at study initiation: 200-240 g
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina rat chow meal
- Acclimation period: 5 days
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- other: Purina rat chow meal
- Details on exposure:
- The newborn offspring were exposed through lactating females until weaning
- Details on mating procedure:
- - Proof of pregnancy: The day on which sperm were found was considered to be day 0 of gestation
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Males: 28 days
Females: 71 days - Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Details on study schedule:
- Males: 14 days before mating and for 1-14 days during breeding
Females: 14 days before mating and for 1-14 days during breeding; during gestation (22 days) and lactation (21 days).
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, About 23,45 and 90 mg/kg bw /day
Basis:
nominal in diet
0, 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1% (w/w)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- no data available
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control:
- Dams were given two i.p. injections of 2 mg/kg of S-azacytidine on day 17 of gestation.
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Parental body weights were measured at weekly intervals except during breeding, and food consumption was measured on selected rats during all phases of the experiment.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
The potassium iodide doses, calculated from food consumption measurements, for the 0.025% potassium iodide group were 22, 22 and 34 mg/kg/day prior to breeding, during gestation and during lactation, respectively, for females; for the 0.05% potassium iodide group they were 46, 44 and 66mg/kg/day; and for the 0.1% potassium iodide group they were 93, 92 and 140 mg/kg/day respectively. - Litter observations:
- PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in [F1 / F2 / F3] offspring:
Incisor eruption was observed daily from day 8 until all incisors were visible. Eye opening was observed daily from day 10 until both eyes were fully open in all rats.Testicular development was checked each day from day 10 until both testes could first be seen as two small nodules in the scrotum.
On the day following birth, all litters were examined and data collected on litter size, sex distribution, weight, and number of dead and/or malformed offspring.
The reduction in weight in the 90 mg/kg group was 7.7% on day 14 and 7.3% on day 21, for males and females combined. The reduction in weight in the 45 mg/kg group was 12.5% on day 14 and 6.8% on day 21, males and females combined. - Statistics:
- Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the majority of data (general linear model), and Duncan's pairwise comparisons made between individual groups in the event of significant treatment F-ratios.
Adjustments of Duncan's test for un-equal group sizes were made using the procedure of Kramer.
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- not examined
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- minor effects on parental weight gain and food consumption
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- minor effects on parental weight gain and food consumption
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not examined
- Other effects:
- not examined
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- not examined
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not examined
- Reproductive performance:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- no significant effects on parental mortality, fertility, pregnancy maintenance, or gestation length
Effect levels (P0)
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEL
- Effect level:
- ca. 90 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Upper and lower incisor eruption and eye opening were unaffected by treatment.
- Mortality / viability:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Potassium iodide produced significant increases in offspring mortality in the 90 mg/kg group at birth and up to day 24 after birth.
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Potassium iodide decreased preweaning body weights in both the 90 and 45 mg/kg groups
- Sexual maturation:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Testicular development was unaffected by treatment.
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No significant effect was found on absolute or relative thyroid weight at 90 days of age.
- Gross pathological findings:
- not examined
- Histopathological findings:
- not examined
Details on results (F1)
• KI delayed auditory startle at the two highest doses by 1 day but did not significantly affect surface-righting or negative geotaxis behaviour.
• The 45mg/kg and 90 mg/kg potassium iodide groups showed delayed olfactory orientation towards their home-cage scent, but only in the 45mg/kg group the delay was significant
Effect levels (F1)
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEL
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- ca. 45 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Decreased pre-weaning body weights, delay in auditory startle and delayed olfactory orientation from the home-cage scent
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The LOEL value for potassium iodide administered in diet to Sprague-Dawley rats is found to be about 90 mg/kg/day (0.1%)
At this dose level, KI produced no significant reductions in parental body weight or food consumption, though it significantly reduced litter size and increased offspring mortality.
For the F1 generation, the LOEL value was found to be about 45 mg/kg/day (0.05%) based on the effect of decreased pre-weaning body weights in the offspring, delay in auditory startle and delayed olfactory orientation from the home-cage scent. - Executive summary:
The effect of ingestion of potassium iodide by parents on the behavioural competence of developing animals is studied.
Potassium iodide (KI) was administered in diet to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats before and during breeding, to females only during gestation and lactation, at levels of 0, about 23,45 and 90 mg/kg bw [0, 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1% (w/w)]. Dams in a positive control group were given 4 mg/kg ip of the anti-mitotic/cytotoxic drug 5-azacytidine on day 17 of gestation.
The LOEL value for potassium iodide in rats is found to be about 90 mg/kg/day (0.1%). At this dose level, KI did not produce any significant reduction in parental body weight or food consumption, though it significantly reduced litter size and increased offspring mortality.
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