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EC number: 228-067-3 | CAS number: 6107-56-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 20 June 2018 to 27 September 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 13 April 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Highest and lowest nominal concentrations, 100 mg/L and 19.8 mg/L, at the start and end of the test, alongside the control.
- Sampling method: Samples for analysis of test item concentrations were taken from the bulk solutions at the beginning of the test and from the pooled replicates at the end.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not reported - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The highest nominal concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared by diluting 200.3 mg of the test item in 2000 ml of dilution medium (Elendt M4) and ultrasonicating for twenty minutes followed by 10 minutes on a magnetic stirrer. The remaining treatment solutions were prepared by serial dilution with a geometric factor of 1.5 (i.e. 1334 ml made up to 2000 ml or 667 ml made up to 1000 ml).
- Eluate: Elendt M4 medium
- Differential loading: Yes
- Controls: Untreated test medium
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): None reported - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain/clone: Not reported
- Source: Originally obtained from Sciento Ltd, UK and cultured at AgroChemex Environmental.
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): Not reported
- Feeding during test None
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: All daphnids used in this test were less than 24 hours old and not of first brood progeny.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Yes
- Type and amount of food: Stock cultures were fed with an aqueous suspension of the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris
- Feeding frequency: Once daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): None reported - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 249 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- Test media: 18.7 – 20.1°C
Test area: 18.4 – 18.9°C (mean: 18.6°C) - pH:
- Test start: 7.52 - 7.55
Test end: 7.75 - 7.81 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Test start: 8.79 - 9.15 mg/L
Test end: 8.62 - 9.19 mg/L - Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 19.8, 29.6, 44.4, 66.7 and 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Tall form beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): Glass
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL capacity, containing 100 mL of test solution or dilution medium
- Aeration: None
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Elendt M4
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The pH and dissolved oxygen were determined in the bulk solutions at the start of the test and from pooled treatment vessels at the end.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: None
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light / 8 hours dark
- Light intensity: 530 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Observation of immobilised daphnia assessments were made after 24 and 48 hours (± 1 hour).
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0.1 to 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Range finding results indicated no true immobilisation up to the maximum concentration of 100 mg/L. The EC50 (immobilisation – 48h) was therefore expected to be >100 mg/L. However, as unusual effects relating to trapping at the water surface were seen at lower concentrations after 24 hours (largely unseen at 48 hours), a full dose-response test was indicated. Therefore, the exposure concentrations were selected to test up to the maximum concentration required by the testing guideline, with a low spacing factor of 1.5. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: A number of daphnids were observed to be trapped in the surface tension of the medium but there was no clear dose-related pattern to these observations and the trapped daphnids were readily reinstated to the water column by the gentle agitation of the test vessels used to assess for immobility. At 48 hours, the highest concentration exhibited the same proportion of surface trapping as the controls (10%).
- Other biological observations: None
- Mortality of control: 0
- Other adverse effects control: None reported
- Abnormal responses: None reported
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: None reported
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 = 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L
- Limit test: No
- Dose-response test: Yes
- ECx: EC50 = 1.422 mg/L (conducted during August 2017) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Although the immobilisation seen at 19.8 mg/L was statistically significant, the four higher treatment groups did not exhibit statistically significant immobilisation. Therefore, the immobilisation at 19.8 mg/L was not considered to be treatment-related and the higher NOEC/LOEC pairing was selected.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Immobilisation in controls: 0%, trapped in meniscus: 10% (must be <10%); dissolved oxygen concentrations 8.62 – 9.19 mg/L (must be ≥3 mg/L)
- Conclusions:
- Based on nominal concentrations, the 48-hour EC50 for the test item to Daphnia magna was > 100 mg test item/L. The 48-hour NOEC and LOEC were 100 mg test item/L and > 100 mg test item/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna was determined in a static test following OECD guideline 202. Daphnia were exposed to nominal concentrations of 19.8, 29.6, 44.4, 66.7 and 100 mg/L, alongside a control. Based on nominal concentrations, the 48-hour EC50 was >100 mg test item/L. The 48-hour NOEC and LOEC were 100 mg test item/L and >100 mg test item/L, respectively.
The study is a GLP compliant, guideline experimental study and is available as an unpublished study report. There are no restrictions and the study is fully adequate for assessment.
Reference
Table 1: Immobilisation results
Treatment Group | Nominal Concentration (mg/L) | 24 hours | 48 hours | ||
Mean no. Immobilised | % Immobilised | Mean no. Immobilised | % Immobilised | ||
1 (control) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 19.8 | 0.75 | 15 | 1.75 | 35a |
3 | 29.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.25 | 5 |
4 | 44.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 66.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
a Immobilisation statistically significant but not considered treatment-related, as the four higher concentrations exhibited no statistically significant immobilisation
Table 2: NOEC and LOEC data
mg Test Item/L | ||
NOEC | LOEC | |
24 hours | 100 | > 100 |
48 hours | 100 | > 100 |
Table 3: Acceptance Criteria
Parameter | Acceptable Range |
pH | 6 to 9 |
+/- units from initial measurement | |
Dissolved Oxygen | ≥ 3 mg/L |
Hardness (as CaCO3) | 140 - 250 mg/L |
Table 4: pH results
Solution | 0 hours | 48 hours | Difference | Acceptable (Y/N) |
Control | 7.55 | 7.75 | +0.20 | Y |
Solution 2 (19.8 mg/L) | 7.53 | 7.80 | +0.27 | Y |
Solution 3 (29.6 mg/L) | 7.52 | 7.78 | +0.26 | Y |
Solution 4 (44.4 mg/L) | 7.54 | 7.77 | +0.23 | Y |
Solution 5 (66.7 mg/L) | 7.54 | 7.79 | +0.25 | Y |
Solution 6 (100 mg/L) | 7.54 | 7.81 | +0.27 | Y |
Table 5: Dissolved Oxygen results (mg/L)
Solution | 0 hours | 48 hiurs | Acceptable (Y/N) |
Control | 8.79 | 9.13 | Y |
Solution 2 (19.8 mg/L) | 9.08 | 8.62 | Y |
Solution 3 (29.6 mg/L) | 9.15 | 8.80 | Y |
Solution 4 (44.4 mg/L) | 9.14 | 8.83 | Y |
Solution 5 (66.7 mg/L) | 9.14 | 8.92 | Y |
Solution 6 (100 mg/L) | 9.15 | 9.19 | Y |
Table 6: Incubation Conditions
Parameter | Acceptable Range | Recorded |
Temperature of test area | 18 - 22 °C | 18.4 - 18.9 °C |
+/- 1°C variation throughout test | Mean: 18.6 °C | |
Temperature of test media | 18 - 22 °C | 18.7 - 20.1 °C |
Photoperiod | 16 hours light / 8 hours dark, cycle | On: 06:00 Off: 22:00 |
Light Intensity | 400 - 800 lux | 530 lux |
Table 7: Test item analysis
Time point | Solution ID | Nominal concentration (mg test item/L) |
Measured Concentration (mg test item/L) |
Recovery (%) |
0 hours |
Sol 1 (control) |
0 |
ND |
N/A |
Sol 2 |
19.8 |
18.5 |
94 |
|
Sol 6 |
100 |
102.9 |
103 |
|
48 hours |
Sol 1 (control) |
0 |
ND |
N/A |
Sol 2 |
19.8 |
18.5 |
94 |
|
Sol 6 |
100 |
97.6 |
98 |
ND = not detected
N/A = not applicable
Description of key information
Based on nominal concentrations, the 48-hour EC50 for the test item to Daphnia magna was > 100 mg test item /L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna was determined in a static test following OECD guideline 202 (Cockroft 2018). Daphnia were exposed to nominal concentrations of 19.8, 29.6, 44.4, 66.7 and 100 mg/L, alongside a control. Based on nominal concentrations, the 48-hour EC50 was >100 mg test item/L. The 48-hour NOEC and LOEC were 100 mg test item/L and >100 mg test item/L, respectively.
The study is a GLP compliant, guideline experimental study and is available as an unpublished study report. There are no restrictions and the study is fully adequate for assessment.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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