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EC number: 222-908-8 | CAS number: 3658-77-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 9 June to 3 July 1978
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Non-GLP study, evaluation criteria, historical control data not reported
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 978
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- evaluation criteria, historical control data not reported
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- pre-GLP but considered to be equivalent to GLP standard
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- EC Number:
- 222-908-8
- EC Name:
- 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- Cas Number:
- 3658-77-3
- Molecular formula:
- C6H8O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one
- Test material form:
- solid
- Remarks:
- Powder
- Details on test material:
- - Description: Beige coloured powder
- Storage condition of test material: Stored in the drak, under nitrogen and in a dessicator at ambient room temperature (ca 18°C)..
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine and tryptophan gene for Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, respectively.
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- 10 % S9 mix; S9 from liver of SD rats induced with Aroclor 1254
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- - Test: 10, 33.3, 100.0, 333.3, 1000 and 3300 µg/plate in S. typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98, TA 100 and in E.coli WP2 uvrA-, with and without S9-mix
- Retest (at higher dose levels): 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 µg/plate in S. typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100, with and without S9-mix
- Test to deduce if exposure to air, light and humidity affect the mutagenic activity of test item: 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 6000 µg/plate in S. typhimurium strain TA 100, with and without S9-mix - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: The test compound was dissolved and diluted in Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- with and without S9-mix
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: Two days at 37 °C
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 plates/dose
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: Evaluation of the toxicity was performed on the basis of microcolony growth.
OTHERS:
- After two days incubation at 37 °C the colonies counted using a New Brunswick Inc. (New Brunswick, N.J.) Biotran II automated counter set for maximum sensitivity (colonies of 0.1 mm or more in diameter counted). The plates were also examined for precipitates and, microscopically, for microcolony growth. - Evaluation criteria:
- No data
- Statistics:
- No data
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Cytotoxicity: no cytotoxicity.
Results of mutagenicity:
The substance was mutagenic in strain TA 100 both with activation at a lowest effective dose of 3300 µg/plate and without activation at a lowest effective dose of 1000 µg/plate. The compound was not mutagenic in E. coli WP2 uvrA. Exposure to air, light and humidity did not affect its mutagenic activity in strain TA 100
Any other information on results incl. tables
None
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the test condition, the test item is mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA 100 with and without metabolic activation.
- Executive summary:
In a reverse gene mutation assay, strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100) and Escherichia coliWP2 uvrA- were exposed to the test item at 10, 33.3, 100.0, 333.3, 1000 and 3300 µg/plate. The compound was also tested at 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 µg/plate to obtain a mutagenic dose response and at 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 6000 µg/plate to assess the effect of air, light and humidity.
The substance was mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA 100 at a lowest effective dose of 1000 µg/plate in the absence of the activation system and 3300 µg/plate in the presence of the activation system. Even though the compound was known to decompose in the presence of air and humidity, exposure of the compound to these effects did not alter its mutagenic activity. The compound was not mutagenic in E. coli WP2 uVrA-.
The vehicle control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. Positive control induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies indicating the validity of the study.
Under the test condition, the test item is mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA 100 with and without metabolic activation.
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