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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 20 Nov - 04 Dec 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-Guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 015
- Report date:
- 2015
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Version / remarks:
- 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.2 (Acute Toxicity (Inhalation))
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.1300 (Acute inhalation toxicity)
- Version / remarks:
- 1998
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (JMAFF), 12 Nohsan, Notification No. 8147, April 2011; including the most recent partial revisions.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Health Care Inspectorate, Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, Den Haag, The Netherlands
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): trade name given
- Substance type: white powder
- Analytical purity: 99.5%
- Lot/batch No.: 1592ZG-076
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: Aug 2015
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Crl:WI(Han) (outbred, SPF-Quality)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: approx. 9 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 246-300 g (males), 180-196 g (females)
- Housing: groups of 5 animals per sex per cage in Makrolon cages (type IV; height 18 cm), sterilized sawdust was used as bedding material, paper as cage-enrichment
- Diet: SM R/M-Z (SSNIFF Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany), ad libitum except during exposure period
- Water: tap water, ad libitum except during exposure period
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18 to 24
- Humidity (%): 40-70
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 20 Nov 2014 To: 04 Dec 2014
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose only
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: The design of the exposure chamber is based on the flow past nose-only inhalation chamber. The chamber consisted of three animal sections with eight animal ports each. Each animal port had its own atmosphere inlet and exhaust outlet.
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: Animals were placed in restraining tubes and connected to the animal ports.
- Source and rate of air: 1 L/min
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: The test substance was fed to a stream of pressurized air (mean air flow 22 L/min) by means of a spiral feeder and a vertically placed air mover. Vibrators were used to keep the material moving. The dust was passed through two vertical elutriators, allowing larger particles to settle, and subsequently let through the exposure chamber. The rotation speed of the feeder and air flow were varied to obtain the desired exposure concentration. The generation was interrupted eight times to remove test substance deposits from the system or to change the set-up. The generation time was elongated with 27 minutes in order to achieve an actual exposure time of 240 minutes.
- Method of particle size determination: The particle size distribution was characterized twice during the exposure period. The samples were drawn (2 L/min) from the test atmosphere through a tube mounted in one of the free animal ports of the middle section of the exposure chamber. The samples were collected with an 8 stage Marple personal cascade impactor containing fiber glass filters and a fiber glass back-up filter. Amounts of test substance collected were measured gravimetrically. Subsequently the Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) and the Geometric Standard Deviation (GSD) were determined.
- Treatment of exhaust air: From the exposure chamber the test atmosphere was passed through a filter before it was released to the exhaust of the fume hood.
- Temperature, humidity in air chamber: 20.0-20.2 °C, 24-28%
TEST SUBSTANCE PREPARATION: The test substance was sieved (wire mesh sieve 500 µm) and dried in a desiccator overnight prior to use.
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: The actual concentration was determined sixteen times during the exposure period. Samples were drawn from the test atmosphere through a tube mounted in one of the free animal ports of the middle section of the exposure chamber. Samples were drawn through a glass fiber filter. The collected amount of the test substance in the air sample was measured gravimetrically. Sample volumes were measured by means of a dry gas meter. Subsequently the time-weighted mean concentration with the standard deviation was calculated.
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Particle size distribution: Please refer to Table 1.
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.): 4.0 µm / 2.4 µm (in both determination) - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- gravimetric
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- 2.1 ± 0.06 mg/L (mean actual concentration)
38 mg/L (nominal concentration) - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Animals were observed three times during exposure for mortality, behavioural signs of distress and effects on respiration. After exposure animals were observed on Day 1, one and three hours after exposure and once daily thereafter until Day 15. Individual body weights were determined before administration of the test substance (Day 1) and thereafter on Days 2,4,8 and 15. Observations on mortality were made twice daily.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: Clinical signs: The symptoms were graded according to fixed scales and the time of onset, degree and duration were recorded.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 2.1 mg/L air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: maximum attainable concentration
- Mortality:
- No mortality occurred during the study period.
- Clinical signs:
- other: During exposure, no clinical signs were seen. After exposure, one female showed lethargy, hunched posture, laboured respiration and chromodacryorrhoea (eye left and right). The animal had recovered from the signs by Day 4. No clinical signs of systemic to
- Body weight:
- All animals gained the expected body weight over the study period.
- Gross pathology:
- Macroscopic post mortem examination revealed reddish discoloration of the thymus for one female. No abnormalities were noted at necropsy of the other animals that were killed at the end of the study.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Aerodynamic particle size distribution in the test atmosphere.
Measurement 1 |
||||
Stage |
Cut point (µm) |
Mass sampled (mg) |
Relative mass (%) |
Cumulative mass |
1 |
21 |
0.03 |
1.46 |
98.54 |
2 |
15 |
0.04 |
1.94 |
96.6 |
3 |
10 |
0.36 |
17.48 |
79.13 |
4 |
6 |
0.34 |
16.5 |
62.62 |
5 |
3.5 |
0.36 |
17.48 |
45.15 |
6 |
2 |
0.41 |
19.9 |
25.24 |
7 |
0.9 |
0.44 |
21.36 |
3.88 |
8 |
0.5 |
0.08 |
3.88 |
0 |
Back up |
0.25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Measurement 2 |
||||
1 |
21 |
0.23 |
4.22 |
95.78 |
2 |
15 |
0.11 |
2.02 |
93.76 |
3 |
10 |
0.41 |
7.52 |
86.24 |
4 |
6 |
0.97 |
17.8 |
68.44 |
5 |
3.5 |
0.73 |
13.39 |
55.05 |
6 |
2 |
1.49 |
27.34 |
27.71 |
7 |
0.9 |
1.16 |
21.28 |
6.42 |
8 |
0.5 |
0.34 |
6.24 |
0.18 |
Back up |
0.25 |
0.01 |
0.18 |
0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not classified
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- CLP: not classified
DSD: not classified
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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