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EC number: 237-078-2 | CAS number: 13601-08-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sensitisation data (human)
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sensitisation data (humans)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published paper, limited reporting. Data appear scientifically acceptable
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Allergy to palladium
- Author:
- Rebandel P and Rudzki E
- Year:
- 1 990
- Bibliographic source:
- Contact Dermatitis 23, 121-122
Materials and methods
- Type of sensitisation studied:
- skin
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Patch testing of patients with allergic contact dermatitis
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tetraamminepalladium(2+) dinitrate
- EC Number:
- 237-078-2
- EC Name:
- Tetraamminepalladium(2+) dinitrate
- Cas Number:
- 13601-08-6
- Molecular formula:
- H12N4Pd.2NO3
- IUPAC Name:
- Tetraamminepalladium (II) nitrate
- Reference substance name:
- Palladium dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-596-2
- EC Name:
- Palladium dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7647-10-1
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2Pd
- IUPAC Name:
- palladium(2+) dichloride
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Tetramine palladium nitrate
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): Atomic absorption spectrometry showed less than 0.2 mg nickel per litre (i.e. 0.2 ppm) [the paper erroneously states this to be 0.2%. However, 0.2 mg per litre = 200 mg per 1000 litre, i.e. 0.2 g per 1000 litre = 0.2 ppm; 0.2 mg per litre = 0.02 mg per 100 ml = 0.00002 g per 100 ml = 0.00002%, not 0.2%]
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Controls:
- Not applicable
- Route of administration:
- dermal
- Details on study design:
- 100 consecutive patients with contact dermatitis were patch tested with 1% palladium (II) chloride and from 1% to 0.001% tetramine palladium nitrate in water, at the Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Poland. No details on patch tests are presented in the paper, but probably involved 24/48-hour covered contact.
Results and discussion
- Results of examinations:
- None of the 90 nickel-negative patients reacted to 1% palladium chloride or 1% tetramine palladium nitrate (this group contained 4 patients positive to chromate, 2 positive to chromate and cobalt, and 1% to 0.1% mercuric chloride).
Ten patients (all women) were responsive to both nickel and the palladium compounds at 1%. Eight of these patients were tested with several concentrations of both nickel and tetramine palladium nitrate. The lowest palladium concentrations causing a reaction was 0.5% (nickel content 0.001%) in four of these patients and 1.0% (nickel content 0.002%) in the remaining four. Seven of these eight patients failed to react when patch tested with nickel concentrations higher (0.01 to 1.0%) than the nickel concentrations in the lowest palladium concentrations giving a positive reaction. The remaining patient was positive to the lowest concentration of nickel tested (0.01%) and thus it was not possible to determine the lowest nickel concentration to which she would react; she gave a positive reaction to 0.5% tetramine palladium nitrate (nickel content 0.001%).
Nine of the ten patients reacting to tetamine palladium nitrate had no known previous exposure to palladium.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Patch testing of 100 contact dermatitis patients with 0.001 - 1% aqueous tetraamminepalladium (II) nitrate revealed ten (all women) who were responsive to both nickel and the palladium compound.
- Executive summary:
Patch testing [probably 24/48 -hour covered contact] of 100 consecutive contact dermatitis patients attending a dermatology clinic in Poland with 1% aqueous tetraaminepalladium (II) nitrate or 1% aqueous palladium (II) chloride revealed ten (all women) who were responsive to both nickel and the palladium compounds. Eight of these were patch tested with 0.001 - 1% tetraamminepalladium (II) nitrate. Seven gave a reaction to a palladium compound concentration (0.5% or 1.0%) with a nickel concentration (0.001% or 0.002%) below the highest nickel concentration not causing a reaction in these patients. One patient who reacted to 0.5% tetraamminepalladium (II) nitrate (nickel content 0.001%) was positive to the lowest nickel concentration tested (0.01%) and it was thus not possible to determine the lowest nickel concentration to which she would react. Nine of the ten patients had no known previous exposure to palladium.
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