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EC number: 231-906-6 | CAS number: 7778-50-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-standard exposure period of 24 hour, reliability also limited by the level of mortality
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 982
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Similar to OECD 404 however a 24-hour application period was used.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Pre-dates GLP
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium chromate
- EC Number:
- 231-889-5
- EC Name:
- Sodium chromate
- Cas Number:
- 7775-11-3
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium dioxido(dioxo)chromium
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium dichromate
- EC Number:
- 234-190-3
- EC Name:
- Sodium dichromate
- Cas Number:
- 10588-01-9
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium dichromate
- EC Number:
- 231-906-6
- EC Name:
- Potassium dichromate
- Cas Number:
- 7778-50-9
- Molecular formula:
- K2Cr2O7
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium dichromate
- Details on test material:
- The study was perfomed using the water-soluble Cr (VI) compounds sodium chromate, sdoium dichromate, potassium dichromate and ammonium dichromate (results not reported)
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Controls:
- other: Concurrent control patch
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 0.5 g of each of the test materials was mositened with 0.5 ml physiological saline and applied for 24 hours under a gauze patch.
- Observation period:
- 72 hours
- Number of animals:
- Six animals were used for each of the test substances
Results and discussion
In vivo
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- See below
- Other effects:
- Evidence of systemic toxicity was noted in all animals.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Sodium chromate
Four rabbits were found dead and one was killed in extremis. Signs of toxicity included hyperkinesia, hypokinesia, immobile hindlimbs and hypothermia. Dermal irritation (very slight to well-defined erythema; very slight to moderate oedema), was seen in all animals, as detailed below. Signs declined slightly in severity, but were still apparent at termination.
Scores for dermal irritation:
Observation |
1h |
24h |
48h |
72h |
Mean (48-72 hours) |
4 days |
5 days |
Erythema |
2,1,1,1 [1.25] |
2,1,1 [1.33] |
1,1,1 [1.00] |
1,1,1 [1.00] |
1.11 |
1,1 [1.0] |
1 [1] |
Oedema |
3,3,3,1 [2.50] |
3,3,1 [2.33] |
3,3,2 [2.67] |
3,3,2 [2.67] |
2.56 |
2,2 [2.0] |
2 [2] |
Mortality |
2/6 |
3/6 |
3/6 |
3/6 |
- |
4/6 |
5/6 |
Sodium dichromate
Four rabbits were found dead and two were killed in extremis. Signs of toxicity included sedation, ataxia, hypothermia, incontinence, severe diarrhoea and clonic convulsions. Dermal irritation (very slight erythema and oedema) were seen in surviving animals, as detailed below. Bright yellow discoloration was additionally observed at the application site.
Scores for dermal irritation:
Observation |
1h |
24h |
48h |
72h |
Mean (48-72 hours) |
4 days |
5 days |
Erythema |
1,1 [1.0] |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Oedema |
1,1 [1.0] |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Mortality |
4/6 |
6/6 |
6/6 |
6/6 |
- |
6/6 |
6/6 |
Potassium dichromate
One rabbit was found dead and three were killed in extremis. Signs of toxicity included hypokinesia, ataxia, slight diarrhoea, immobile hindlimbs, sedation and hypothermia. Dermal irritation (very slight to moderate erythema; very slight to severe oedema), was seen in all animals, as detailed below. Signs declined slightly in severity, but were still apparent at termination.
Scores for dermal irritation:
Observation |
1h |
24h |
48h |
72h |
Mean (48-72 hours) |
4 days |
Erythema |
1,1,1,1,1,1 [1.00] |
1,1,1 [1.00] |
1,3 [2.0] |
1,3 [2.0] |
1.67 |
1,2 [1.5] |
Oedema |
3,2,1,3,3,3 [2.50] |
0,1,3 [1.33] |
1,4 [2.5] |
1,4 [2.5] |
2.11 |
1,4 [2.5] |
Mortality |
- |
3/6 |
4/6 |
4/6 |
- |
4/6 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information No conclusion Criteria used for interpretation of results: expert judgment
- Conclusions:
- Based on the mean scores for dermal irritation in this study and the absence of reversibility, it is concluded that sodium chromate and potassium dichromate are likley to be skin irritants. It is assumed that sodium dichromate is also a skin irritant, based on read-across from these two compounds.
- Executive summary:
The dermal irritation of sodium chromate, sodium dichromate and potassium dichromate was investigated in the rabbit (6/group). 0.5 g of each of the test substances was moistened with 0.5 ml physiological saline and applied under a gauze patch. Mortality and signs of systemic toxicity were seen in each group of animals. Signs of irritation were also seen, but there was no evidence of corrosivity. The application time of 24 hours exceeds the standard 4 -hour period, however it is considered likely that the compounds would be classified as skin irritants based on the results of a guideline-compliant test.
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