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EC number: 205-399-7 | CAS number: 140-11-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Several studies are available for Acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity. The studies were conducted using rats, mice and rabbits as the test species. Two of the Acute Oral Toxicity studies conformed to OECD Guideline 401. The Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study conformed to OECD Guideline 403.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- August 1986
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Male and female F344/N rats were obtained from Frederick Cancer Research Center and observed for 7 days before the test began. Animals were approximately 5 weeks old when placed on study, Groups of five rats of each sex were administered a single dose of benzyl acetate (250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 mg/ kg body weight) in corn oil by gavage. No controls were used. All animals were examined twice daily for clinical signs and mortality during the 15-day observation period. Animals were housed five per cage and received water and feed ad libitum during the observation period. Necropsies were not performed.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Benzyl Acetate
- Physical state: water-white liquid with a pear-like odor
- Other:
Melting Point: -5100C
Boiling Point: 213 C
Vapor Pressure: 1.99 mm Hg at 60'C
Density: 1.05
Refractive Index: 1.4998 - Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source:Frederick Cancer Research Center Frederick. M D
- Age at study initiation: 5 weeks
- Housing: Bedding: Beta-Chips heat treated hardwood chips
Cages: Polycarbonate
Cage filters: Spun-bonded polyester filters
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Wayne Lab-Blox Allied Mills. ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water supplied through automatic watering system. ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 1 weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21-23
- Humidity (%): 40-60
- Air changes (per hr): 15 - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Details on oral exposure:
- VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: Male and female rats: 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 mg/kg body weight in corn oil
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 5 ml/kg for rat
- Justification for choice of vehicle: No data
MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 4,000 mg/kg body weigh - Doses:
- Male and female rats: 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 mg/kg body weight in corn oil
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 animals
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 15 days
- Necropsy of survivors performed: no
- Other examinations performed: Observed twice daily for mortality and clinical signs - Statistics:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No applicable
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Mortality:
- All animals that received benzyl acetate at 4,000 mg/ kg body weight were inactive within 2 hours after dosing, and 4/5 males and 2/5 females in these groups died (all on day 2).
- Clinical signs:
- other: All animals that received benzyl acetate at 4,000 mg/ kg body weight were inactive within 2 hours after dosing. No other compound-related clinical signs were observed
- Gross pathology:
- No data
- Other findings:
- No further data
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 5 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The LD50 for Benzyl acetate was found to be above 2000 mg/kg body weight in rats. According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, no classification is warranted.
- Executive summary:
Male and female F344/N rats were obtained from Frederick Cancer Research Center and observed for 7 days before the test began. Animals were approximately 5 weeks old when placed on study, Groups of five rats of each sex were administered a single dose of benzyl acetate (250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 mg/ kg body weight) in corn oil by gavage. No controls were used. All animals were examined twice daily for clinical signs and mortality during the 15-day observation period. Animals were housed five per cage and received water and feed ad libitum during the observation period. Necropsies were not performed. The LD50 for Benzyl acetate was found to be above 2000 mg/kg body weight in rats. According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, no classification is warranted.
Reference
No further data
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- Older guideline-comparable studies are available in the rat and mouse, methodology is acceptable for hazard evaluation and classification purposes
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 30 Octover, 1996 - 22 November, 1996
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- A single dose level of 0.766 mg/I of air was used as this was the maximum attainable concentration of vapour at ambient temperature.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The acute inhalation toxicity of benzyl acetate was assessed by exposing a group of rats, for a period of 4 hours, to the vapour of the test substance at a concentration of 0.766 mg/I of air. This was the maximum attainable concentration of vapour at ambient temperature. A further group, acting as a control, was exposed to clean air only.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- traditional method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Benzyl Acetate
- Substance type: intermediate
- Physical state: Clear colourless liquid
- Analytical purity: >98%
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 9 October, 1997
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature and in the dark - Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River UK Ltd, Manston Road, Margate, Kent, England
- Age at study initiation: between 8 weeks and 12 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 198 - 273 g
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: The holding cages (size 35 cm x 53 cm x 25 cm height) were made of stainless steel sheet and wire mesh and were suspended on a movable rack.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): measured amounts
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): measured amounts
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21°C± 3°C
- Humidity (%): 55% ± 15%
- Air changes (per hr):
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hous light and 12 hours dark
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 3 November, 1996 To: 22 November, 1996 - Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: whole-body exposure chambers
- Exposure chamber volume: 120 Iitres
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: The rats were held for exposure in stainless steel mesh exposure cage subdivided to provide individual compartments for the rats.
- Source and rate of air: A supply of clean dried air was connected to the vapour generator and the supply pressure was adjusted to give a flow rate of 25 Iitres per minute measured at the generator outlet tube.
- Method of conditioning air: air supplied to the generator was dried, filtered and oil free.
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: The atmosphere generator, shown in Figure 1, was designed to produce and maintain an atmosphere containing vapour by evaporation of the test substance from a sintered glass disc with a countercurrent of air.
- Treatment of exhaust air: Each chamber was installed in a large fume cupboard exhausting through an absolute filter.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: 23°C± 5°C, 48 ± 3%
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: Gas chromatography: The samples from the bubblers were placed in appropriately labelled scintillation vials prior to injection onto the GC column.
Column: DB-1701fusedsilicaWCOT(J&W), 15m x 0.53mm, dF 111m. Helium carrier at 5.1mllmin. Temperature: l30°C
Detector: FlO, Range O. Temperature: 280°C.
Flow rates: hydrogen, 40 mllmin; air 400 ml/min. Retention Time Approximately 2.65 minutes Injection Volume 1 Ill. Temperature: 180°C
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes
VEHICLE
- Composition of vehicle (if applicable): air
- Concentration of test material in vehicle (if applicable): 0.766 mg/I of air (nominal 5.4 mg/L) - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Five air samples were taken from the chamber during each exposure and the concentration of Benzyl acetate in the chamber air was determined by chemical analysis.
- Duration of exposure:
- ca. 4 h
- Concentrations:
- 0.766 mg/I of air. This was the maximum attainable concentration of vapour at ambient temperature.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 rats/sex/dose
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:The clinical signs were recorded at the end of the chamber equilibration period, at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 hours and then at hourly intervals during the exposure. During the observation period, the clinical signs were recorded once in the morning and then as necessary following a later check for clinical signs. All rats were weighed daily from the day of delivery to the Huntingdon Life Sciences until the end of the observation period.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: The amount of food and water consumed by each cage of rats was measured daily from the day of arrival. The daily mean intakes of food and water for each rat were calculated from the recorded data.
All rats were subjected to a detailed macroscopic examination. The lungs were removed, dissected clear ofsurrounding tissue and weighed in order to calculate the lung weight to bodyweight ratio. - Statistics:
- Not applicable
- Preliminary study:
- Not relevant
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LCLo
- Effect level:
- > 0.766 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- the maximum attainable vapour concentration at ambient temperature.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- There were no deaths following exposure to benzyl acetate.
- Clinical signs:
- other: All rats were normal in appearance and behaviour during exposure and during the observation period. Food and water consumption of test rats were not affected following exposure to benzyl acetate vapour.
- Body weight:
- Bodyweight gain for rats exposed to the vapour of benzyl acetate was similar to that of the control
rats. - Gross pathology:
- There were no macroscopic findings at post mortem.
- Other findings:
- No additional findings
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 5 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The LCLo for benzyl acetate as vapour is in excess of 0.766 mg/l, the maximum attainable vapour concentration at ambient temperature.
- Executive summary:
The acute inhalation toxicity of benzyl acetate was assessed by exposing a group of rats, for a period of 4 hours, to the vapour of the test substance at a concentration of 0.766 mg/L of air. This was the maximum attainable concentration of vapour at ambient temperature (the nominal concentration was 5.4 mg/L). A further group, acting as a control, was exposed to clean air only. Based on the results of this study, the test substance does not require classification according to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008.
Reference
no further data
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Value:
- 766 mg/m³ air
- Quality of whole database:
- Acceptable guideline and GLP study
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1972
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test substance was applied to 3 rabbits and their reactions observed for 14 days.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Benzyl Acetate
- Lot/batch No.: RIFM HRB-03-1184
- Description: Clear colourless liquid - Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- No information provided
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on dermal exposure:
- No information provided
- Duration of exposure:
- No information provided
- Doses:
- 5g/kg body weight
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 3 animals used
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Statistics:
- No information provided
- Preliminary study:
- Not relevant
- Key result
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 5 other: g/kg body weight
- Based on:
- not specified
- Mortality:
- No deaths observed
- Clinical signs:
- other: No abnormal clinical signs observed
- Gross pathology:
- No information provided
- Other findings:
- No information provided
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results of this study, the LD50 of the test substance was determined to be greater than 5g/kg bodyweight. According to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008, the test substance does not require classification.
- Executive summary:
In a study conducted by Moreno (1972), the test substance, Benzyl Acetate, was applied to 3 rabbits at a dose of 5g/kg body weight. The rabbits were observed for 14 days following application. The study resulted in an LD50 determined to be greater than 5g/kg bodyweight. According to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008, the test substance does not require classification.
Reference
No information provided
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 5 000 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- Older non-guideline study, acceptable for hazard evaluation
Additional information
Acute Oral Toxicity:
In a study conducted by Abdo (1986), male and female F344/N rats were obtained from Frederick Cancer Research Center and observed for 7 days before the test began. Animals were approximately 5 weeks old when placed on study, Groups of five rats of each sex were administered a single dose of benzyl acetate (250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 mg/ kg body weight) in corn oil by gavage. No controls were used. All animals were examined twice daily for clinical signs and mortality during the 15-day observation period. Animals were housed five per cage and received water and feed ad libitum during the observation period. Necropsies were not performed. The LD50 for Benzyl acetate was found to be above 2000 mg/kg body weight in rats. According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, no classification is warranted.
In a study conducted by Abdo (1986), male and female B6C3F1 mice were obtained from Frederick Cancer Research Center and observed for 7 days before the test began. Animals were approximately 5 weeks old when placed on study, Groups of five mice of each sex were administered a single dose of benzyl acetate (250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 mg/ kg body weight) in corn oil by gavage. No controls were used. All animals were examined twice daily for clinical signs and mortality during the 15-day observation period. Animals were housed five per cage and received water and feed ad libitum during the observation period. Necropsies were not performed. The LD50 for Benzyl acetate was found to be above 2000 mg/kg body weight in mice. According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, no classification is warranted.
In a study conducted by Jenner (1964), oral dosages benzyl acetate were administered by intubation to the rat . Animals were observed for 2 weeks during which time the development of toxic signs was followed and time of death recorded. The acute oral LD50 was determined. The LD50 for benzyl acetate was found to be 2490 mg/kg. According to Directive 67/548/EEC, no classification is warranted. According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, no classification is warranted.
The key study was determined to be the one conducted by Abdo in 1986 as it conformed to the guidelines.
Acute Inhalation Toxicity:
The acute inhalation toxicity of benzyl acetate was assessed by exposing a group of rats, for a period of 4 hours, to the vapour of the test substance at a concentration of 0.766 mg/I of air. This was the maximum attainable concentration of vapour at ambient temperature. A further group, acting as a control, was exposed to clean air only. Based on the results of this study, the test substance does not require classification according to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008.
Acute Dermal Toxicity:
In a study conducted by Moreno (1972), the test substance, Benzyl Acetate, was applied to 3 rabbits at a dose of 5g/kg body weight. The rabbits were observed for 14 days following application. The study resulted in an LD50determined to be greater than 5g/kg bodyweight. According to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008, the test substance does not require classification.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Acute oral toxicity:
Based on the results of the key study (Abdo, 1998), the test substance does not require classification according to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008.
Acute Inhalation Toxicity:
Based on the results of the available study, the test substance does not require classification according to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008.
Acute Dermal Toxicity:
Based on the results of the available study, the test substance does not require classification according to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008.
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