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EC number: 239-349-0 | CAS number: 15307-93-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Study period:
- November 11 to 19, 1985
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Well documented and reported study, conducted equivalent or similar to internationally accepted technical guideline in recognized industrial research organization. A quality assurance inspection report with reference to GLP, but not a GLP compliance statement, was included in the study report.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 986
- Report date:
- 1986
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- of 1984
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- exposure period was 24 hours instead of 4 hours
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- but Quality Assurance statement with reference to IKS GLP guidance document was included in the report
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,6-dichloro-N-phenylaniline
- EC Number:
- 239-349-0
- EC Name:
- 2,6-dichloro-N-phenylaniline
- Cas Number:
- 15307-93-4
- Molecular formula:
- C12H9Cl2N
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,6-dichloro-N-phenylaniline
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): PBS 3247.2 (Voltamin)
- Description: yellowish to brown needles
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: December 1985
- Storage conditions: room temperature
Analyzed by Pharmaceuticals Production: Test Article Data Sheet of September 30, 1985
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: albino, Chbb:HM (SPF)
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- - Animal supplier: Thomae, FRG
- Age: Approximately 4 - 6 months.
- Number and Sex: 3 males and 3 females
- Weight on day of treatment (before application): Minimum 1.69 kg, maximum 2.20 kg.
- Housing: Individual housing in metal cages.
- Diet (ad libitum): Commercially available pelleted standard diet (NAFAG No. 814, batch 73/85, analysed by the
manufacturer, NAFAG, Gossau, Switzerland).
- Water (ad libitum): Tap water. (Periodically analysed for compliance with Swiss drinking water specifications) - Acclimation period: Approximately 2 weeks under laboratory conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Air conditioned room:
- Temperature (°C): 18 ± 2°C
- Relative Humidity (%): 60 ± 10%
- Photoperiod: 14 hrs light/day
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not required
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.5 g test material per approx. 6 cm2 skin per animal.
The unchanged test material was ground to a fine powder using a mortar. The ground test material was loaded on gauze patches moistened with distilled water. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period:
- From prior to treatment (i.e. pretest) until 7 days post patch removal
- Number of animals:
- 6 (3 males and 3 females)
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE PREPARATION:
3 days before treatment, both flanks of the rabbits were shaved with an electric clipper and an electric shaver.
- Area of treated skin: Approx. 6 cm2 (= 2.5 x 2.5 cm gauze patch).
- Type of wrap used: Gauze patches were covered with impermeable foil and fastened to the rabbit body with elastic bandage and adhesive tape.
TEST MATERIAL AND DOSE PREPARATION
- Administration Volume/animal (i.e. one gauze patch of 2.5 x 2.5 cm per animal):
Test material was ground to a fine powder using a mortar. 0.5 g of ground test material was loaded on a gauze patch moistened with distilled water.
TREATMENT PERIOD AND REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
Epicutaneous, occlusive treatment lasted 24 hours. Then the dressings were removed and residual test material was gently washed off the skin with warm water
SCORING SYSTEM:
The treated skin patches were evaluated at pretest and 30 minutes 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7 days post patch removal. Skin reactions were evaluated for erythema/eschar formation and edema according to Draize (see Table 1). In addition, scaling and any other abnormalities were recorded.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- over 6 animals and 3 time points
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 h
- Score:
- 2.17
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Full reversibility of erythema/ edema in 4 of 6 animals. Marked improvement in the other two animals. 5 of 6 animals showed skin skaling or slight skin skaling on the treated flank on day 7 (i.e. at 7 days post patch removal).
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- over 6 animals and 3 time points
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 h
- Score:
- 1.56
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Full reversibility of erythema in 4 of 6 animals. Improvement in the other two animals. 5 of 6 animals showed skin skaling or slight skin skaling on the treated flank on day 7.
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- over 6 animals and 3 time points
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 h
- Score:
- 0.61
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: 5 of 6 animals showed skin skaling or slight skin skaling on the treated flank on day 7.
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: male no. 28
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 h
- Score:
- 1.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin scaling on treated flank at 48 h, 72 h and 7 days post patch removal
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: male no. 29
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin skaling on treated flank on day 7
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: male no. 30
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 h
- Score:
- 2.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin scaling on treated flank at 72 h and 7 days post patch removal.
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- acccording to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: female no. 58
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin scaling, slight in degree, on treated flank on day 7
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: female no. 59
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: female no. 60
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin skaling on treated flank on day 7
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: male no. 28
- Time point:
- other: 24,48,72 h
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin scaling on treated flank at 48 h, 72 h and 7 days post patch removal
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: male no. 29
- Time point:
- other: 24,48,72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin skaling on treated flank on day 7
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: male no. 30
- Time point:
- other: 24,48,72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin scaling on treated flank at 72 h and 7 days post patch removal
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: female no. 58
- Time point:
- other: 24,48,72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin scaling, slight in degree, on treated flank on day 7
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: female no. 59
- Time point:
- other: 24,48,72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: Female no. 59 was free from edema throughout the study
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- according to Draize as defined above
- Basis:
- animal: female no. 60
- Time point:
- other: 24,48,72 h
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Skin skaling on treated flank on day 7
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Erythema and edema result tables for each individual animal are presented under "Remarks on results including tables and figures"
- Other effects:
- Yellow-brown discoloration of small areas of the treated flank was seen in one animal (female No. 60) at 24, 48 and 72 h after patch removal having fully reversed by 7 days.
Skin scaling or slight skin scaling, was seen in 5 of 6 animals (male Nos. 28, 29, 30 and female nos. 58 and 60) on the treated flank at 48 h, 72 h and/or 7 days after patch removal having not reversed by 7 days in any of these animals.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 2: Gradings of Skin Reactions Attained for each Male Animal at Different Observation Time Points |
||||||
Pretest / |
Pretest |
0.5 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
7 days |
Animal (Identification) No. |
28 29 30 |
28 29 30 |
28 29 30 |
28 29 30 |
28 29 30 |
28 29 30 |
Erythema / Eschar |
0 0 0 |
1 1 2 |
2 2 3 |
1 2 3 |
1 2 2 |
0 1 1 |
Edema |
0 0 0 |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
1 1 1 |
0 1 1 |
0 0 0 |
Table 3: Gradings of Skin Reactions Attained for each Female Animal at Different Observation Time Points |
||||||
Pretest / |
Pretest |
0.5 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
7 days |
Animal (Identification) No. |
58 59 60 |
58 59 60 |
58 59 60 |
58 59 60 |
58 59 60 |
58 59 60 |
Erythema / Eschar |
0 0 0 |
2 1 3 |
1 1 3 |
1 0 2 |
1 0 1 |
0 0 0 |
Edema |
0 0 0 |
1 0 1 |
1 0 1 |
0 0 1 |
0 0 0 |
0 0 0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Based on the attained primary skin irritation index of 2.4 reflecting “moderate irritation” and the fact that the affected skin had not fully reversed to normal skin by termination of the study, classification of the test material as “R38 Irritating to skin” according to EU DIRECTIVE 67/548/EEC and as “Category 2, irritant” according to REGULATION (EC) 1272/2008) seems to be appropriate.
- Executive summary:
PBS 3247.2 (Voltamin) was tested for skin irritation similar to EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Skin Irritation) of 1984 (Dir. 84/449/EEC) in albino rabbits [Chbb:HM (SPF)]. The study was more comprehensive than foreseen in this test guideline in that six animals were exposed to the test material for 24 hours (instead of 4 hours).
Reliability grade 1 was assigned to the study. It was not conducted in compliance with GLP, but a Quality Assurance statement with reference to an IKS GLP guidance document*was included in the study report.
Intact shaved skin of each animal (3 males and 3 females) was treated on one flank by epicutaneous occlusive administration of 0.5 g of ground test material loaded on gauze patches (2.5 x 2.5 cm), the latter moistened with distilled water. The patches were covered with impermeable foil and fastened to the rabbit body with elastic bandage and adhesive tape. Shaved skin on the other flank served as a control. Skin reactions were recorded at pretest and 30 minutes 24, 48 and 72 hours and 7 days post patch removal and were evaluated for erythema/eschar formation and edema according to Draize. In addition, scale formation and local discoloration of the skin were recorded.
There was no mortality. General signs of toxicity or relevant changes in body weight were not evident. Erythema up to grade 3 (moderate to severe erythema) were seen in all of six animals. In addition, very slight edema (Grade 1, barely perceptible) and scale formation on the treated flank were recorded in five of them and yellow-brown discoloration of small areas of the treated flank in one of them. At termination of the study, 7 days after patch removal, edema and discoloration of the skin had fully disappeared in all affected animals, whilst erythema had fully reversed in four and partly reversed in the other two of six animals and scale formation was evident in five animals.
The primary skin irritation index (i.e. sum of mean irritation scores read 30 minutes and 48 hours after patch removal for erythema and edema divided by 2) attained during this study was 2.4 (maximum possible value: 8) reflecting “moderate irritation” according to the skin irritation/corrosion classification scheme adopted in the study report. However, the mean Draize scores (24, 48, 72 h over 6 animals) were 1.56 for erythema and 0.61 for edema. For three of six animals, the respective mean score for erythema (24, 48, 72 h) was ≥ 2, whilst for the other three animals the respective erythema and for all animals the respective edema score were < 2.
Based on the attained primary skin irritation index reflecting “moderate irritation” and the fact that the affected skin had not fully recovered by termination of the study, classification of the test material as “R38 Irritating to skin” according to EU DIRECTIVE 67/548/EEC and as “Category 2, irritant” according to REGULATION (EC) 1272/2008) seems to be appropriate.
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*"Wegleitung der IKS betreffend gute Laboratoriumspraxis für nichtklinische Laborversuche, Unterabschnitt B.4.a.v."
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