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EC number: 206-354-4 | CAS number: 330-54-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Guideline Study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Cited as OECD Guide-line 202, part 2 (Daphnia sp., Reproduction Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
A stock solution 7.6 mg Diuron/L was prepared by ultrasonification and stirring - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain/clone: Daphnia magna Straus
- Source: Strain from Bundesgesundheitamt in Berlin, Germany, Genotype no 2/Type B
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): the first instars used in the test were obtained by screening of adults; only parents of the same age (14-21 days) ±12 hours were used
- Age of test animals: less than 24 h old
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: Scenedesmus subspicatus (green algae).
- Amount: 1x 10 8 cells/L, on Fridays 3x 10 8 cells/L
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: The strain has been maintained in the testing laboratory for more than 10 years
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Type and amount of food: Scenedesmus subspicatus (green algae), occasionally commercial ornamental fish food (Trade name: TetraMin®).
- Feeding frequency: daily - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- not given
- Test temperature:
- 19.8 – 20.1°C
- pH:
- Fresh solutions: 8.0 – 8.2
Aged solutions: 7.8 – 8.1 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Fresh solutions: 8.3 – 9.6 mg/L
Aged solutions: 8.1 – 9.7 mg/L - Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0,0.032, 0.056, 0.10, 0.18, 0.32, 0.56, 1.0 nad 1.8 mg/L
Mean measured concentrations ranged from 93 to 102 % of the nominal
Measured concentrations: 0, 0.033, 0.054, 0.096, 0.17, 0.32, 0.56, 0.97 and 1.75 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 ml glass beakers
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 200ml of test solution
- Aeration: none
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): three times per week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
Note: 3 further vessels containing 5 daphnids each were included to monitor survival/mortality
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: M7-medium” similar to “M4-medium (see Table 1)
- Conductivity: 580 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16/8, light/dark caycle
- Light intensity: 700 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Immobility (e.g. mortality) of adult daphnids
- Number of living young daphnids
- Number of dead young daphnids
- Body weight and length of parent after 21 days.
The number of offspring was determined daily from day 7 – 12. Thereafter, tree times per week on the occasion of medium exchange
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg/L (30 animals per concentration)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes; results indicated an EC50 of 1.4 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.56 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.97 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: effect on body weight of parent animal
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.17 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: effect on body weight of parent animal
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals: No treatment related mortality was observed (Mortality during test duration is given in Table 2) No EC50 could be determined
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: Effects on reproduction was observed at concentrations of 0.97 mg Diuron/ and higher (see Table 3)
- Body length and weight of parent animals: Reduced parental body dry weight and length. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For testing of normality the Kolmogoroff-Smirnoff-Test and for homogeneity of variance the Bartlett’s test was used. For normal distributed data and ANOVA followed by a Dunnett’s test. For the number of offspring per parent the data were tested using Mann and Withney U-test, since the variance was not homgeneous.
- Executive summary:
A long term toxicity test with Daphnia magna, according to OECD guideline 211 (cited as OECD guideline 202, part 2) with GLP, is available for this test substance. This study is based on measured concentrations of the test substance and calculated the NOEC (21d) to be 0.56 mg/L, with a LOEC of 0.97 mg/L. Further to this the NOEC and LOEC values for effects on the parent animals were calculated at 0.1 and 0.17 mg/L respectively. Therefore the test substance is found to be a chronic toxicity hazard to aquatic invertebrates, evidenced by the NOEC/LOEC values of < 1 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Guideline Study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Cited as OECD Guide-line 202, part 2 (Daphnia sp., Reproduction Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- 10 mg of the test substance were added to 1 L test medium, final stock solution (10 µg/ml) was stored in the refrigerator until use. On treatment days, dilutions of the stock were performed to obtain the nominal concentrations. Test concentrations were based on the EC50 (48 h) of 1.4 mg/L
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterflea
- Source: laboratory culture
- Feeding during test:
on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16 and 18
fed with a mix of yeast and algae (Scendesmus subspicatus)
Days 0, 2 and 4 fed 200,000 cells/ml yeast and 200,000 cells/ml algae;
days 7, 9 and 11 fed 300,000 cells/ml yeast and 300,000 cells/ml algae;
days 14, 16 and 18 fed 600,000 cells/ml yeast and 600,000 cells/ml algae
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Bred at lab under standard conditions
- Acclimation conditions: same as test conditions - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Test temperature:
- 21.5-22.5 °C
- pH:
- 8.0-8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.9 – 9.3 mg oxygen/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 0.0003, 0.0016, 0.008, 0.04, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/L
Test concentrations were based on the EC50 (48 h) of 1.4 mg/L
Analysis of the test article showed that for a target concentration of 0.04 mg/L the mean concentrations ranged from 89.7% - 91.8% of the nominal value. For the target concentration of 1.0 mg/L the range was 88.0% - 105.0% of the nominal value - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass beakers
- Aeration: aerated until oxygen saturation prior to test
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16 and 18
- No. of organisms per vessel: Initially 10 daphnids per beaker, After 9 days one daphnid selected and placed in one 50 ml beaker
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: standard reconstituted water (see table 1.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 12-16 h/day
- Light intensity: ca. 500-2000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mortality and reproduction
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: Test concentrations were based on the EC50 (48 h) of 1.4 mg/L - Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals: The mortality of the control samples was 10%, primarily due to mechanical damage during renewal procedures and the test is considered to be valid based on these findings. From day 0 to day 7 no mortality was observed at the lowest concentrations. At concentrations of 0.008 up to 1.0 mg/L a mortality rate of 10 -25% was observed.
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: Reproduction started from day 11 of the exposure period, no significant influence of the test substance was observed up to the highest concentrations. The mean number of daphnids alive per adult in the untreated control was 48 - Executive summary:
A long term toxicity test with Daphnia magna, according to the prevailing OECD guidelines (OECD 211, cited as OECD guideline 202, part 2) with GLP, is available for this substance. Since no significant effects could be observed up to the highest concentration of 1 mg/L, the NOEC was determined as=1 mg/L and the LOEC as > 1 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 2. Effect data (survival)
Concentration |
Cumulative mortality (%) |
||||||
Time (days) |
0 |
5 |
7 |
10 |
14 |
16 |
21 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
7 |
0.033 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
0.054 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.096 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.32 |
0 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
0.56 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.97 |
0 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
1.75 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
7 |
Table 3. Effect data (Reproduction)
Concentration |
Reproduction of parent daphnids |
|||||
Time (days) |
Cumulated offspring on day 21 |
Day of first reproduction |
Number of reproduction days |
Mean number of offspring per reproduction day |
Mean body length (mm) |
Mean body weight (mg) |
Control |
107.8 |
7.9 |
14.1 |
7.60 |
4.59 |
1.065 |
0.033 |
97.7 |
8.6 |
13.4 |
7.29 |
4.63 |
1.094 |
0.054 |
101.1 |
8.0 |
14.0 |
7.22 |
4.61 |
1.004 |
0.096 |
91.3 |
9.0 |
13.0 |
7.03 |
4.61 |
0.976 |
0.17 |
90.0 |
8.3 |
13.7 |
6.55* |
4.57 |
0.833* |
0.32 |
92.9 |
8.3 |
13.7 |
6.75 |
4.46 |
0.791* |
0.56 |
96.9 |
7.9 |
14.1 |
6.88 |
4.41* |
0.637* |
0.97 |
81.4* |
8.5 |
13.5 |
6.02* |
4.22* |
0.635* |
1.75 |
35.4* |
9.7 |
12.3 |
2.92* |
3.74* |
0.476* |
* significantly different from control
Table 4. Validity criteria for invertebrate reproduction test according to OECD Guideline 202
|
Fulfilled |
Not fulfilled |
Mortality of Daphnia in the control < 10% |
x |
|
Dissolved oxygen concentration > 60 % at the end of the test |
x |
|
Mortality of parent animals < 20% at test termination |
x |
|
Concentration of test substance³80% of initial concentration during test |
x |
|
First young born in controls after a max. of 9 days |
x |
|
Mean cumulative number of young per female in the controls = 20 at a temperature of 20 ± 1°C |
x |
|
Mean number of live offspring produced per parent animal surviving at test termination³60 |
x |
|
Table 2. Influence of Technical Diuron on the total (cumulative) number of alive, young daphnids reproduced by surviving adults
Exposure Day |
Concentration of test substance (nominal) mg/L |
||||||
|
0 |
0.0003 |
0.0016 |
0.008 |
0.04 |
0.2 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
66 |
67 |
37 |
43 |
12 |
40 |
24 |
14 |
131 |
159 |
167 |
147 |
143 |
127 |
79 |
16 |
193 |
202 |
370 |
275 |
322 |
311 |
99 |
18 |
311 |
276 |
450 |
385 |
372 |
425 |
130 |
19 |
338 |
295 |
493 |
489 |
427 |
435 |
188 |
20 |
409 |
317 |
493 |
489 |
421 |
436 |
207 |
21 |
476 |
421 |
524 |
522 |
426 |
460 |
324 |
%-control |
100 |
88.4 |
110.0 |
109.7 |
89.5 |
96.6 |
68.1 |
Description of key information
Diuron is a chronic (long-term) effect to aquatic invertebrates
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Two long term toxicity tests with Daphnia magna, according to OECD guideline 211 (cited as OECD guideline 202, part 2) with GLP, are available for Diuron. The key study is based on measured concentrations of the test substance and calculated the NOEC (21d) to be 0.56 mg/L, with a LOEC of 0.97 mg/L. Further to this the NOEC and LOEC values for effects on the parent animals were calculated at 0.1 and 0.17 mg/L respectively (Heimbach, 1996). The supporting study could determine no significant effects up to the highest concentration of Diuron tested, therefore the NOEC was determined as =1 mg/L and the LOEC as > 1 mg/L in this case (Ritter, 1989). Based on these findings, the results from the key study (Heimbach, 1996) should be used to determine that the test substance is a chronic toxicity hazard to aquatic invertebrates, evidenced by the NOEC/LOEC values of < 1 mg/L.
Discussion on endocrine disruption:
As at the current stage there is still no agreed approach and guidance on how to evaluate endocrine disruption in various EU legislations the OECD Conceptual framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors might be used. Comparing available data with the Framework`s level concept allowed to rank Heimbach et al. (1996) and Ritter (1989) in OECD level 5, which means both studies allow final conclusion on endocrine disruption properties of diuron. Both studies investigated on effects to reproduction of Daphnia magna according to GLP standard and formerly OECD test guideline No. 202, part II, which mainly translated into the current OECD test guideline 211 on reproduction of D. magna. Both studies reported of no effect to daphnia reproduction which is the endpoint of OECD test guideline 211. There is, thus, no indication that diuron could be an endocrine disruptor. See also the document on the ad hoc assessment on endicrine disruption properties of diuron attached in chapter 13 of IUCLID.
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