Cyclododeca-1,5,9-triene

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

one-generation reproductive toxicity

Remarks:

based on generations indicated in Effect levels (migrated information)

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Title:

No information

Author:

DuPont Co. (2000). Haskell Laboratory Report No. DuPont-3682 (unpublished);|cited in DuPont Co. (2001). Robust summary for 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene. Submitted to U.S. EPA on 11 Dec. 2001.

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Reproductive and repeated dose toxicity of cyclododecatriene (CDDT) in rats following oral (gavage) treatment.

Author:

Malley LA, Everds NE, Makovec GT and Kennedy GL jr.

Year:

2002

Bibliographic source:

Drug Chem. Toxicol. 25 (2), 149-170.

Reference 3

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Robust summary for 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (revised).

Author:

DuPont Safety, Health & Environmental Excellence Center, Wilmington (Del., USA)

Year:

2003

Bibliographic source:

U.S. EPA, 46 pp

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1,5,9-cyclododecatriene

IUPAC Name:

1,5,9-cyclododecatriene

Details on test material:

1,5,9-cyclododecatriene, purity 99.86%

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crl:CD (SD)IGS BR

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ORGANISMS
- Age: males 59 days, females 52 days (approximately)

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Details on exposure:

ADMINISTRATION / EXPOSURE
- Vehicle: corn oil
- Concentration in vehicle: 6, 20, 60 mg/ml
- Total volume applied: 5 ml/kg bw/dose

Details on mating procedure:

MATING PROCEDURES: 
- mating period approximately 1-2 weeks, beginning after  approximately four weeks of dosing.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Exposure period: males through test day 55; females 4 weeks premating through 4-day lactation period
Premating exposure period (males): approximately 4 weeks
Premating exposure period (females): approximately 4 weeks
Duration of test: approximately 60 days

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
30, 100, 300 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Number of animals: 10 per sex and per dose group

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

- Clinical signs: at least once daily
- Mortality: at least twice daily
- Body weight: weekly, for females also on lactation days 0 and 4
- Food consumption: weekly
- Ophthalmoscopic examination: Both eyes of all rats prior to study and  on test day 24, prior to clinical pathology evaluation (surviving rats).
- Clinical pathology evaluation on all rats after 4 weeks of dosing, and  on male rats at the time of scheduled sacrifice:   
- hematology / coagulation: erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count,  platelet count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, differential  leukocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin,  mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, absolute reticulocyte counts,  red cell distribution width, microscopic blood examination, activated  partial thromoboplastin time, prothrombin time.   
- clinical chemistry: alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase,  aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glucose, urea  nitrogen, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total bilirubin, cholesterol,  triglyceride, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, sodium,  potassium, chloride.  
- urine: volume, specific gravity, urobilinogen, blood, glucose,  protein, appearance (quality, transparency, color), pH, bilirubin,  ketones, sediment microscopy.
- Other: Neurobehavioral Functional Observational Battery (FOB) on all  study rats prior to exposure and following approximately 4 weeks of test  substance administration.

Litter observations:

OFFSPRING: gestation length, mating index, gestation index, fecundity  index, implantation site numbers, implantation efficiency, sex ratio,  pups born alive, viability index

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

ORGANS EXAMINED AT NECROPSY (MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC):
- Time: Sacrifice and necropsy of males on day 56 and of females on days  56-64.
- Organ weights P: liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, thymus, brain, spleen,  heart, testes, epididymides. Calculation of ratios to final body and  brain weights.
- Histopathology P:    all high dose and control rats: testes, epididymides, ovaries, gross  lesions;   5 high dose and 5 control rats per sex: additional 37 tissues   5 females from other groups with >= 1 offspring: liver

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

Implantation site number and efficiency, sex ratio, mean pup weights, pups born alive,  viability index

Statistics:

STATISTICAL METHODS: 
- All weight parameters (P, not F), gestation length, clinical pathology,  grip strength, foot splay: One-way analysis of variance followed with  Dunnett's test or Kruskal-Wallis test; followed with Dunn's test.
- Incidence of clinical and FOB observations; mating, gestation,  fecundity indexes: Sequential application of Cochran-Armitage test for  trend
- Implantation site number and efficiency, sex ratio, pups born alive,  viability index: Jonckheere's test
- Mean pup weights: Linear contrast of the least square means
- Motor activity: Levene's and Shapiro-Wilk tests followed by repeated  measures analysis of variance followed by contrasts of Jonckheere's trend  test.

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

Details on results (P0)

NOAEL (NOEL), LOAEL (LOEL):    
- NOAEL  30 mg/kg for females, 100 mg/kg for males    
- LOAEL 100 mg/kg for females, 300 mg/kg for males 

ACTUAL DOSE RECEIVED BY DOSE LEVEL BY SEX: At the targeted level

- Number of deaths at each dose:    One high-dose male was sacrificed in extremis due to a dosing-related  injury.   One high-dose female was found dead on day 57 from dystocia.   No other deaths occured during the study.

TOXIC RESPONSE/EFFECTS BY DOSE LEVEL: 

- Body weight:   Decreased body weight gain was observed and considered to be  compound-related and of biological significance:   300 mg/kg males (-19 % for days 1-56, not statistically significant;  weight -7%);   100 and 300 mg/kg females (only during gestation: gains -13% and -20%,  weights -7% and -12%, respectively, statistically significant).   

- Food/water consumption: Increased food consumption was observed and  considered to be compound-related and of biological significance:   300 mg/kg males (+19%)   100 mg/kg (+7%, not statistically significant) and 300 mg/kg females  (+13%, statistically significant) during gestation.   As a consequence, food efficiency was significantly reduced:   300 mg/kg males (-33%)   100 and 300 mg/kg females during gestation (+14 and +29%, respectively,  statistically significant).

- Ophthalmoscopic examination: no test substance-related effects
- Description, severity, time of onset and duration of clinical signs:  There were no test substance-related effects on clinical observations as  well as in neurobehavioral parameters or motor activity.
- Fertility index: no test substance-related effects
- Duration of gestation: no test substance-related effects
- Gestation index: no test substance-related effects
- Hematological findings incidence and severity: no test  substance-related effects
- Clinical biochemistry findings incidence and severity: no test  substance-related effects
- Gross pathology incidence and severity: no test substance-related  effects
- Number of implantations: no test substance-related effects
- Organ weight changes: no test substance-related adverse effects.   
- Liver weights were statistically significantly increased in several  dosed groups:   Males: 30 mg/kg +10% relative; 100 mg/kg +14 % absolute, +21% relative;  300 mg/kg +34 % absolute, +45% relative.   Females: 100 mg/kg +15% relative; 300 mg/kg +36% absolute, +42%  relative.   In females it was associated with microscopic centrilobular  hepatocellular hypertrophy, which is indicative of a physiological  response-induction of enzymes associated with metabolism, and is not  considered biologically adverse.   In males, minimal diffuse hypertrophy may have occurred, which is hard  to identify histologically.   
- Kidney weights were statistically significantly increased in several  dosed groups:   Males: 100 mg/kg +16% absolute, +21% relative; 300 mg/kg +22%, +37%  relative   Females: 100 mg/kg +11% relative; 300 mg/kg +15% absolute, +17% relative   These findings were associated with some evidence of diuresis in  high-dose males and females, but there were no compound-related changes  in any other kidney parameter including histopathology.
 These weight  changes may be an adaptive response to the physiological changes that  occur following administration of large doses of a test material. They  were not considered to be biologically adverse.
- Histopathology incidence and severity: no test substance-related  adverse effects
- Other observations   Mating index: no test substance-related effects; Implantation efficiency: no test substance-related effects  

Effect levels (P0)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

100 mg/kg bw/day

Sex:

male

2

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

30 mg/kg bw/day

Sex:

female

Results: F1 generation

Details on results (F1)

- NOAEL  100 mg/kg for pups  
- LOAEL  300 mg/kg for pups
- Body weights of pups in the 300 mg/kg group were significantly  decreased (-17% on lactation day 4)
- Sex and sex ratios: no test substance-related effects
- Viability index: no test substance-related effects
-  Pups born alive: no test substance-related effects

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

100 mg/kg bw/day

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Summary of reproductive outcomes:

- Dose (mg/kg) 0 30 100 300

- Mating Index(%): 80.0 90.0 100.0 100.0

- Fertility Index (%): 87.5 77.8 70.0 70.0

- Gestation Length (days): 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0

- Implantations (mean/litter): 16.0 15.6 16.3 16.1

- Implantation efficiency (%): 92.1 96.2 92.0 89.5

- Gestation Index: 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

- Mean % Born Alive: 98.3 99.1 99.2 99.0

- 0-4 Day Viability (%): 98.0 99.0 98.2 98.3

- Sex Ratio (males): 0.45 0.50 0.49 0.45