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EC number: 250-799-7 | CAS number: 31775-20-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2002-10-29 - 2002-11-21
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The test had been performed according to relevant guidelines and compliant to GLP. The results are well documented and plausible. However, as the test was conducted according to earlier versions of the current guideline, minor methodological deviations are evident (instead of six treatment replicates as required by the guideline for a limit test, only three treatment replicates had been tested; growth rates for control replicates are only reported as mean values).
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 003
- Report date:
- 2003
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Three instead of six treatment replicates
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- as described under § 19a, German Chemical Law (ChemG), Annex 1, in the version of May 8, 2001
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2'-[(3,3'-dichloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[3-oxo-N-phenylbutyramide]
- EC Number:
- 228-787-8
- EC Name:
- 2,2'-[(3,3'-dichloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[3-oxo-N-phenylbutyramide]
- Cas Number:
- 6358-85-6
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2'-[(3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(3-oxo-N-phenylbutanamide)
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
not applicable
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- The test item is of very poor solubility in water. Analytical monitoring of the test substance concentrations in the test medium was not conducted, since no relevant results could be expected.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared in three replicates.
The test substance was weighed into a 250 mL beaker, diluted with algal medium, transferred to a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask and filled up to final volume of 500 mL. After treatment with ultrasonic waves for approx. 30 minutes the preparation was stirred for approximately 4 days to ensure that the solubility limit of the test substance in the test water was reached. The resulting dispersion was filtered through a membrane filter of 0.45 µm pore size. The preparation was completed by adding suitable aliquots of algal precultures.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- Species : Monocellular freshwater alga Desmodesmus subspicatus SAG Strain No. 86.81
Origin "Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Experimental Phycology and Collection of Algal Cultures, University of Göttingen, Germany
Cultivation of algae: Cultivation of algae is carried out in the laboratories of Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH, ProTox under standardized conditions in accordance with the relevant test guidelines.
Sensitivity of the test species: To demonstrate that under the laboratory test conditions the sensitivity of the test species has not changed significantly, potassium dichromate (p.A.) is tested as a reference substance at least twice a year.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Standard algal culture medium had been used according to the guideline (OECD TG 201 medium).
- Test temperature:
- in °C:
0 hours: 23
24 hours: 23
48 hours: 23
72 hours: 23 - pH:
- Controls (mean of replicates): start pH 7.8, end pH 8.9
test items (mean of replicates): start pH 7.6, end pH 8.4 - Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The test item is of very poor solubility in water. Analytical monitoring of the test substance concentrations in the test medium was not conducted, since no relevant results could be expected.
The limit test was conducted at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. - Details on test conditions:
- Test procedure:
The test concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared in three replicates. Six controls without test substance were run.
Test cultures containing the required concentrations of test substance and the required quantity of algal inoculum were prepared by adding aliquots of stock solutions of the test substance to suitable amounts of algal pre-cultures. The initial cell density in the test cultures was approximately 10E(4) cells/mL. The culture flasks were shaken and placed in the culturing apparatus. The cell density in each culture flask was determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the start of the test, using a Casy Coulter Counter (Schärfe Systeme, Reutlingen Germany).
Test conditions:
The cultures were maintained at a temperature in the range of 21 to 25 °C, controlled at ± 2 °C. In the culturing apparatus, continuous illumination in the range of 400 nm to 700 nm was provided with a light intensity between 6000 to 10000 lux.
The algae were kept in suspension by stirring in order to improve gas exchange and to reduce pH fluctuations in the test solution.
The test was carried out without pH adjustment. The pH was measured at the beginning of the test and after 72 hours.
Culture medium:
Standard algal culture medium had been used according to the guideline (OECD TG 201 medium). Only distilled water or deionized water with a conductivity of less than 1 µScmE(-1) was used. The pH of the medium after equilibration with air was 7.8.
DATA ANALYSIS
The measured cell density in the test cultures and controls are tabulated together with the concentrations of the test substance and the times of measurements. Algae response was calculated from changes in the area under the growth curve (biomass) and growth rate.
Percent inhibition of yield and percent inhibition of growth rate had been calculated according to the guideline.
CALCULATION OF EC50-VALUES AND THE NOEC
For the limit test according to the guideline Directive 92/69/EEC, Annex Part C, C.3 no statistical evaluation of the EC50 and NOEC was performed.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate at least twice a year with the test organism
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to the poor solubility of the test item no analytical determination of actual substance concentration possible
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to the poor solubility of the test item no analytical determination of actual substance concentration possible
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to the poor solubility of the test item no analytical determination of actual substance concentration possible
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to the poor solubility of the test item no analytical determination of actual substance concentration possible
- Details on results:
- Microscopical Observations:
Algae were observed at the beginning and at the end of the study. No visible changes of the shape of the algae were noticed either in the control or the treatment groups.
In the 100 mg/L treatment the inhibition of the Biomass was 2 % and the growth rate reduction was 3 % compared to the control. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
Any other information on results incl. tables
Calculation of growth (area under growth curve) and growth rate exposure
Nominal conc.[mg/L] |
Vessel number |
Area |
Growth rate |
Growth inhib. [%] |
Growth rate reduct. [%] |
||||
0-72 hrs |
0-24 hrs |
0-48 hrs |
0-72 hrs |
0-72 hrs |
0-24 hrs |
0-48 hrs |
0-72 hrs |
||
Control |
1-6 |
7979907 |
0.39 |
1.12 |
1.30 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
100 |
7-9 |
7788347 |
1.07 |
1.15 |
1.26 |
2 |
-175 |
-3 |
3 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Cell density controls: increase by an average factor of 50 (16 required by OECD 201); however, as only the mean section by section specific growth rates over all control replicates given, validity citerion cannot be checked.
- Conclusions:
- The submission substance was tested for toxicity to aquatic plants in a growth inhibition test with Desmodesmus subspicatus. Due to the poor solubility of the test item a limit test at 100 mg/L nominal concentration had been conducted. The following values were determined:
EC50 (72 h) for both, growth rate and biomass was larger than 100 mg/L nominal concentration
NOEC (72 h) for both, growth rate and biomass was equal to 100 mg/L nominal concentration. - Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the test substance on the growth of a unicellular green algae species.
Exponentially growing cultures of Desmodesmus subspicatus were exposed to 100 mg/L of the test substance and a control (0 mg/L) over several generations under defined conditions.
The cell density in each solution was measured at least every 24 hours. The inhibition of growth in relation to a control culture was determined.
According to Directive 92/69/EEC, Annex Part C, C.3. Algal Inhibition Test, it is sufficient to conduct a limit test with a test substance concentration of 100 mg/L if the inhibition of the biomass and growth rate is < 25 % compared to the control.
The test substance was weighed into a 250 mL beaker, diluted with algal medium, transferred to a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask and filled up to final volume of 500 mL. After treatment with ultrasonic waves for approx. 30 minutes the preparation was stirred for approximately 4 days to ensure that the solubility limit of the test substance in the test water was reached. The resulting dispersion was filtered through a membrane filter of 0.45 µm pore size. The resulting solution was visually clear. No particulate matter was observed.
As requested by the sponsor analytical monitoring of the test substance concentrations in the test medium was not conducted, since no relevant results could be expected.
Algae were observed microscopically at the beginning and at the end of the study. No visible changes of the shape of the algae were noticed in either the control or the treatment groups.
In the 100 mg/L treatment the inhibition of the biomass was 2 % and the growth rate reductionwas 3 % compared to the control.
This resulted in the following effect concentrations:
Biomass Growth rate
(mg/L) (mg/L)
EC50
(0-72h)
>100
> 100
NOEC
(0-72h)
100
100
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