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EC number: 308-765-5 | CAS number: 98246-91-4 Product obtained and separated during the melting of nickel and other non-ferrous metals containing raw materials. Consists primarily of antimonides and arsenides of copper and nickel.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Hazard for air
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Hazard for predators
Additional information
The UVCB is a complex inorganic metals containing substance. The physico-chemical characterization of the UVCB (see relevant section in IUCLID) demonstrates the presence of different metal species; intermetallic and metal sulphides which resulted in relatively high solubilisation potential in water for most of the metals present in the UVCB.
The UVCB is an intermediate, with a very limited life cycle (manufacturing and industrial uses only).Testing the UVCB is difficult because of the large uncertainty involved when selecting representative samples due to the variable elemental concentrations in the composition of the UVCB.Derivation of PNECs for the UVCB as such are therefore difficult to interpretbecause of the uncertainty related to the representativeness of the testing. Also, exposure to the UVCB cannot be measured or modelled because of the multi-constituent character of the UVCB. For these reasons,the UVCB environmental (hazard) assessment is driven by the assessment of the individual UVCB constituents.
For the purpose of the classification, the UVCB is treated as a complex metal containing substance with a number of discrete constituting compounds (metals, metal compounds, non-metal inorganic compounds). The hazard classifications of each compound are then factored into a combined classification of the UVCB as a whole. For environmental endpoints, additivity and/or summation algorithms are applied to quantitatively estimate the mixture’s toxicity to aquatic organisms.
For the purpose of the environmental (risk) assessment, the ecotoxicological information that was taken forward is based on all hazardous constituents of all relevant UVCBs at the site for which quantitative exposure and risk assessment was conducted. For the environment, most often, it is the metal ion that is the toxic driver (ECHA, 2008, R.7.13-2). Consequently, the PNECs expressed as metal ion are the relevant ones to forward to risk characterization. Considering the composition of this UVCB, full solubilisation of the emissions of the various constituting speciation in metals are assessed. The physical form (powder or massive) does not lead in this case to different release potential of the elements from the UVCB and consequently no different PNECs. When quantitative exposure and risk assessment were conducted on a metal constituent, the ecotoxicological information on this individual metal is reported in the respective summary sheet. The information is taken from the respective REACH IUCLID dossiers (see annex II of this CSR). More information on the scope of the UVCB assessment can be found in the CSR of the UVCB (Chapter 9).
Table36:Summary of the information on toxicological information for the purpose of riskassessment:
UVCB constituent |
Variability in chemical composition
|
PNECs
|
|||||
Element |
Speciation used for environmental risk assessment |
||||||
Cu |
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary in IUCLID and table below |
||||
Ni |
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary in IUCLID and table below |
||||
Pb |
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary in IUCLID and table below |
||||
As |
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary in IUCLID and table below |
||||
Zn |
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary in IUCLID and table below |
||||
Co |
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary in IUCLID and table below |
||||
Ag |
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary in IUCLID and table below |
||||
Sb |
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary in IUCLID and table below |
||||
Se, Te,
|
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary in IUCLID and table below |
||||
Ca, Fe, Na, Si, Sn |
Metal ion |
Hazard assumed as if UVCB consists of 100% worst-case speciation |
See respective PNEC summary below |
For the purpose of the risk assessment, the hazard conclusions and the metal-specific PNECs (Predicted No Effect Concentration) were collected for each environmental compartment. An overview of the relevant PNECs is given in the table below. PNEC for arsenic metal was not available. Consequently, one was derived based on arsenic oxide using molecular weight conversion. Elements for which no PNEC is reported inTable37have no relevant environmental hazards and for which there is no need to derive environmental threshold.
Table37:Overview of hazard conclusions - Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) takenforward for CSA of the UVCB
Protection target |
Unit |
Cu |
Pb |
As |
Ni |
Zn (added)*** |
|||||||
Freshwater |
μg/L |
7.8 |
3.1 |
6.5 |
3.55 |
20.6 |
|||||||
Marine water |
μg/L |
5.2 |
3.5 |
0.5 |
8.6 |
6.1 |
|||||||
Freshwater sediment |
mg/kgdw |
87 |
174 |
64.8 |
69.2 |
235.6 |
|||||||
Marine sediment |
mg/kgdw |
676 |
164 |
4.5 |
69.2 |
113 |
|||||||
Soil |
mg/kgdw |
65 |
147 |
0.3 |
29.9 |
107 |
|||||||
STP |
μg/L |
230 |
100 |
30.4 |
330 |
52 |
|||||||
Secondary poisoning |
mg/kg food |
No hazard identified* |
10.9 |
0.5 |
12.3 |
No hazard identified** |
Protection target |
Unit |
Co |
Sb |
Se |
Te |
Ag |
|||||||
Freshwater |
μg/L |
0.6 |
113 |
2.67 |
5.79 |
0.04 |
|||||||
Marine water |
μg/L |
2.36 |
11.3 |
2 |
0.579 |
0.86 |
|||||||
Freshwater sediment |
mg/kgdw |
9.5 |
11.2 |
8.2 |
No exposure |
438.13 |
|||||||
Marine sediment |
mg/kgdw |
9.5 |
2.24 |
6.2 |
No exposure |
438.13 |
|||||||
Soil |
mg/kgdw |
10.9 |
37 |
0.1 |
No exposure |
1.41 |
|||||||
STP |
μg/L |
370 |
2,550 |
1,500 |
3.2 |
25 |
|||||||
Secondary poisoning |
mg/kg food |
No hazard identified |
Not needed |
1 |
No potential for bioaccumulation |
No or insufficient available at present |
*Based on the copper risk assessment, it was concluded that secondary poisoning is not relevant. The main arguments are: Copper is an essential trace element, well regulated in all living organisms. Difference in copper uptake rates are related to essential needs, varying with the species, size, life stage, seasons... Copper homeostasic mechanisms are applicable across species with specific processes being active depending on the species, life stages…. The use of BAFs are therefore not adequate. There is overwhelming evidence to show the absence of copper biomagnification across the tropic chain in the aquatic and terrestrial food chains. Field evidence has further provided evidence on the mechanisms of action of copper in the aquatic and terrestrial environment and the absence of a need for concern for secondary poisoning.
**Based on the ICDZ data on bioaccumulation of zinc in animals and on biomagnification (i.e. accumulation and transfer through the food chain), it is concluded that secondary poisoning is considered to be not relevant in the effect assessment of zinc. Major decision points for this conclusion are the following. The accumulation of zinc, an essential element, is regulated in animals of several taxonomic groups, for example in molluscs, crustaceans, fish and mammals. In mammals, one of the two target species for secondary poisoning, both the absorption of zinc from the diet and the excretion of zinc, are regulated. This allows mammals, within certain limits, to maintain their total body zinc level (whole body homeostasis) and to maintain physiologically required levels of zinc in their various tissues, both at low and high dietary zinc intakes. The results of field studies, in which relatively small differences were found in the zinc levels of small mammals from control and polluted sites, are in accordance with the homeostatic mechanism. These data indicate that the bioaccumulation potential of zinc in both herbivorous and carnivorous mammals will be low. Based on the above data, secondary poisoning and the related issues bioaccumulation and biomagnification are not further discussed in this report (Zn RAR).
***Zinc PNEC values are 2 times higher (biavailability correction for sediment) or 3 times higher for PNEC soil.
Environmental classification justification
The UVCB is treated as a complex metal containing substance with a number of discrete constituting compounds (metals, metal compounds, non-metal inorganic compounds). The hazard classifications of each compound are then factored into a combined classification of the UVCB as a whole. The classification was derived using Meclas (MEtals CLASsification tool - see www.meclas.eu), a calculation tool that follows classification guidance and implementation in accordance to legal rules and technical guidance from ECHA and CLP. See IUCLID section 13 attachment for MeClas classification conclusions.
Table38:Summary of the information on ecotoxicological information for the purpose ofclassification
UVCB constituent |
Variabiliy of elemental composition |
Classification according each relevant endpoint |
|
Element |
Speciation* taken forward for Tier 1 classification |
|
|
Ag |
Ag massive |
Maximum |
Not classified |
As |
As compounds |
Maximum |
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
|
Ni As |
|
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
Ca |
Ca |
Maximum |
Not classified |
Co |
Co |
Maximum |
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
Cu |
Cu massive |
Maximum |
Not classified |
|
CuS |
Maximum |
Self-classification of the speciation, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
Fe |
Fe/Fe compounds (e.g. FeS2) |
Maximum |
Not classified |
Na |
Na2S |
Maximum |
Harmonised classification of the speciation +self classification for eye damage, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
Ni |
Ni3S2 |
Maximum |
Self-classification of the speciation, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
|
Ni massive |
|
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
Pb |
Lead compounds with the exception of those specified elsewhere in Annex VI |
Maximum |
Harmonised classification of the speciation +self classification for carcinogenicity, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
S |
Metal sulfides/sulphates |
Maximum |
classification see metal specific entry |
Sb |
Sb metal |
Maximum |
Not classified |
Se |
Se |
Maximum |
Harmonised classification of the speciation, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
Si |
Si |
Maximum |
Not classified |
Sn |
Sn |
Maximum |
Not classified |
Te |
Te |
Maximum |
Self-classification of the speciation, see MECLAS report in CSR Annex I |
Zn |
ZnS |
Maximum |
Not classified |
* Detailed information on speciation can be found in IUCLID Section 1.4 Additional Physcio-chemical information
Hazard to aquatic environment (short-term): Acute Cat. 1
Hazard to aquatic environment (long-term): Chronic Cat. 1
General discussion
The UVCB assessment is driven by the assessment of the individual UVCB constituents. A paper describing the methodology is provided in IUCLID Section 13.
Conclusion on classification
The UVCB is a complex inorganic metal containing substance. Its toxicity is related to the degree to which constituents react with water/biological fluids and potentially release soluble, potentially bio available ionic and other (metal bearing) species.
The environmental (self) classification of the UVCB was derived using MeClas (see below).
Hazard to aquatic environment: acute/chronic Category 1
See IUCLID section 13 or CSR Annex 1 for detailed MeClas outprints with the specified input concentrations and resulting classification. Please visit www. meclas.eu for more information about the tool.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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