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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 952-967-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 015
- Report date:
- 2015
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Activated sludge from a real wastewater treatment plant in the Czech Republic was used for testing the toxicity of the NPs. The NPs were prepared in a commercial solution for machining. Generally it is assumed that the solution reduces the formation of large agglomerates of NPs. The stock solution was prepared for
each type of NP in a concentration of 25 g/L, mixed well and sonicated. The sample for measurement contained 96 mL of activated sludge (dry matter 1 g/L), 2 mL of the concentrated solution with NPs (final concentration 500 mg/L of NPs), and 2 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and nutrients – acetate was
added at a concentration of 100 mg/L. The stock solution of NPs was subsequently diluted for final concentration of NPs 300 mg/L and 100 mg/L. The amount of solution with NPs added to the sample was the same. A control sample was prepared in the same way but instead of the solution of NPs a clear stabilized
solution (no NPs) was added into the sample of activated sludge. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- There was no mention of GLP compliance in the paper given.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Titanium dioxide
- EC Number:
- 236-675-5
- EC Name:
- Titanium dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 51745-87-0
- Molecular formula:
- O2Ti
- IUPAC Name:
- Titanium dioxide
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- TiO2 NPs were supplied by ‘SkySpring Nanomaterials’, Inc., Houston, USA. The characteristics of the NPs are as follows: Titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2, anatase, 99.5%, Product #: 7910DL), size 10 – 25 nm, white nanopowder, specific surface area 50 – 150 m2 /g, morphology: flat texture of the surface with smooth edges
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge
- Details on inoculum:
- A mixed culture of microorganisms of activated sludge from a real wastewater treatment plant in the Czech Republic was used for the experiments
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Total exposure duration:
- 40 h
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 40 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: % maximum respiration
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 - <= 500 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- Maximum respiration (%) for each concentration
Sample/Concentration of NPs 100 mg/L 300 mg/L 500 mg/L
Control (no NPs) 100 100 100
TiO2 66.7 86.8 100.4
Any other information on results incl. tables
The toxic effect of TiO2 NPs was observed using respirometric measurement, which showed the influence of the NPs on the cumulative oxygen consumption of the microorganisms in the activated sludge. The results of the respiration test showed that the toxic effect of NPs depends on their concentration. The TiO2 NPs at concentrations of 500 mg/L showed no decrease in the respiration of the microorganisms. The cumulative oxygen consumption is almost the same as in the control sample.
It was found that the lower concentration of TiO2 NPs has a greater toxic effect on the microorganisms. The maximum cumulative oxygen consumption is 100.4 % in the sample with a concentration of 500 mg/L of TiO2 NPs. When the lower concentration of 300 mg/L was used then the maximum respiration was reduced by 13.2 %. In the sample with the lowest tested concentration of 100 mg/L of TiO2 NPs respiration was reduced by 33.3 %.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity of NPs highly depends on their concentration. The results indicate that nanoparticles of TiO2 (500 mg/L) have almost no toxic effect on microorganisms in activated sludge. A reverse trend was observed in the samples with TiO2 NPs. The lower the concentration of TiO2 NPs (100 mg/L) the more
pronounced the decrease in respiration of microorganisms in the activated sludge.
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