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EC number: 222-376-7 | CAS number: 3452-97-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1997-03-10 trough 1997-03-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- no data
- Concentrations: all
- Sampling method: aliquots were sampled from the intermediate layer of 3 test vessels per concentration and pooled, at start and at the end of the exposure. Algae were then removed by centriguation (10 minutes at 3000 rpm). The clear supernatant was taken for GC analysis. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A 1000 mg/L stock solution was prepared by dissoving one part of isononanol and two parts of hydrogenated castor oil in acetone. Culture medium was use dto fill up to 1 L.
- Controls:
- Chemical name of vehicle: hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-40), acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: HCO-40 twice the concentration of isononanol.
- Evidence of undissolved material: no. - Test organisms (species):
- Scenedesmus capricornutum
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green alga
- Strain: ATCC 22662
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): strain obtained from American Type Culture collection, Rockville, Maryland, USA, and sub-cultured at the test facility.
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): pre-culture was started 3 days before test initiation.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- The culture medium indicated in OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals is used in pre-culture and test.
Ca+Mg >/= 0.6 mmol/L - Test temperature:
- 23 ± 2°C
- pH:
- pH=8.1 at initiation. Increase up ro 9.4 at 72 hrs (report, table 7).
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data; vessels were shaken at 100 rpm
- Salinity:
- The culture medium indicated in OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals is used in pre-culture and test.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations, corrected for the test substance purity:
0, 2.13, 4.70, 10.3, 22.7, and 50.0 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 500 mL conical flask made of glass (with permeable silicon stopper)
- Aeration: shaking at 100 rpm
- Renewal rate of test solution: n.a.; static test
- Initial cells density: 1 × 104 cells / mL
- Control end cells density: 90.4 × 104 cells / mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (OECD TG 201 medium)
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuos
- Light intensity and quality: 4,400 ~ 4,500 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of cell concentrations: using an optical microscope; determinations at 0, 24, 48, 72 hrs
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 50 mg/L caused 80% growth inhibition
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes; main test concentrations - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ErC50 (24-72h)
- Effect conc.:
- > 33.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EbC50 (0-72h)
- Effect conc.:
- 12.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Remarks on result:
- other: 14.8-25.8 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Acute toxicity to algae:
EbC50 (0 -72 h) = 19.5 mg/L (measured concentration)
ErC50 (24 -72 h) >50 mg/L (measured concentration) - Executive summary:
The acute toxicity to algae was tested according to OECD TG 201using Selenastrum capricomutum under GLP conditions in the concentration range up to 50 mg/L (nominal). The calculated growth inhibition was as follows
EbC50 (0 -72 h) = 19.5 mg/L (measured concentration)
ErC50 (24 -72 h) >50 mg/L (measured concentration) (CERI, 1997)
This study is considered to be valid and suitable for assessment.
Reference
Test article concentration and quantity are shown with purity corection value.
Nominal/measured Concentration:
Measured concentration (mg/L) (percentage of nominal) |
|||
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
0-hour |
24-hour |
Mean* |
control |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
Solvent control |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
2.13 |
2.16 (102) |
n.d.(0.923) (43.3) |
1.46 (68.4) |
4.70 |
4.53 (96.3) |
1.80 (38.2) |
2.95 (62.8) |
10.3 |
9.08 (88.2) |
4.61 (44.8) |
6.60 (64.1) |
22.7 |
21.8 (96.2) |
9.37 (41.3) |
14.7 (64.9) |
50.0 |
46.8 (93.5) |
22.8 (45.5) |
33.3 (66.7) |
n.d.:<1.00 mg/L
* The value are expressed as time-weighted means
Water Temperature: 23.2-23.8 °C
Water Chemistry in test: pH 8.1 at start and 8.2-9.4 end of the test
Effect Data:
Area method:
EbC50 (0-72hr) = 19.5 mg/L (95% c.i.:14.8-25.8mg/L); 12.6 mg/L (measured concentration)
NOEC = 4.70 mg/L (measured concentration)
Rate method:
ErC50 (24-48hr)= 49.9 mg/L (95% c.i.:none)
ErC50 (24-72hr) > 50 mg/L (95% c.i.:none)
NOEC = 10.3 mg/L (measured concentration)
Detail information:
(1) Cell density of Selenastrum capricornutum during exposure to 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexanol:
cell density(X10E+4 cells/ml) |
|||||
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
No. |
0-hour |
24-hour |
48-hour |
72-hour |
control |
1 2 3 |
1.0 1.0 1.0 |
3.1 3.4 2.9 |
22.6 22.5 20.2 |
96.0 91.9 83.3 |
Average S.D. |
1.0 0.0 |
3.2 0.2 |
21.7 1.3 |
90.4 6.5 |
|
Solvent control |
1 3 |
1.0 1.0 1.0 |
3.0 3.3 3.3 |
21.8 21.5 21.4 |
103.2 96.5 85.8 |
Average S.D. |
1.0 0.0 |
3.2 0.1 |
21.6 0.2 |
95.2 8.8 |
|
2.13 |
1 2 3 |
1.0 1.0 1.0 |
3.4 3.1 3.1 |
21.1 23.8 20.7 |
89.8 93.1 99.1 |
Average S.D. |
1.0 0.0 |
3.2 0.1 |
21.9 1.7 |
94.0 4.7 |
|
4.70 |
1 2 3 |
1.0 1.0 1.0 |
3.2 2.9 3.4 |
21.3 19.6 20.4 |
86.0 85.5 99.7 |
Average S.D. |
1.0 0.0 |
3.2 0.2 |
20.4 0.8 |
90.4 8.1 |
|
10.3 |
1 2 3 |
1.0 1.0 1.0 |
2.5 2.7 2.5 |
14.8 17.7 16.7 |
66.2 64.6 66.2 |
Average S.D. |
1.0 0.0 |
2.6 0.1 |
16.4 1.5 |
65.7 0.9 |
|
22.7 |
1 2 3 |
1.0 1.0 1.0 |
2.4 2.6 2.3 |
10.0 10.8 10.9 |
48.1 47.6 42.3 |
Average S.D. |
1.0 0.0 |
2.4 0.2 |
10.6 0.5 |
46.0 3.2 |
|
50.0 |
1 2 3 |
1.0 1.0 1.0 |
1.5 1.7 1.8 |
4.2 4.4 4.1 |
11.6 11.9 11.2 |
Average S.D. |
1.0 0.0 |
1.5 0.2 |
4.2 0.1 |
11.6 0.3 |
(2) Growth inhibition of Selenastrum capricornutum during exposure to 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexanol:
Area Inhibition Rate Inhibition (x10E+4) |
|||||
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
No. |
0-72h |
% |
24-72h |
% |
control |
1 2 3 |
1710 1660 1500 |
- - - |
0.0712 0.0687 0.0696 |
- - - |
Average S.D. |
1620 |
- |
0.0698 |
- |
|
Solvent control |
1 3 |
1780 1690 1560 |
-9.41 -4.35 3.73 |
0.0734 0.0750 0.0680 |
-5.11 -0.982 2.68 |
Average S.D. |
1680 |
-3.34 |
0.0706 |
-1.14 |
|
2.13 |
1 2 3 |
1610 1700 1700 |
1.08 -4.87 -4.77 |
0.0685 0.0709 0.0721 |
1.93 -1.53 -3.27 |
Average S.D. |
1670 |
-2.85 |
0.0705 |
-0.957 |
|
4.70 |
1 2 3 |
1560 1510 1710 |
3.87 7.13 -5.16 |
0.0683 0.0704 0.0706 |
2.20 -0.854 -1.03 |
Average S.D. |
1590 |
1.95 |
0.0698 |
0.105 |
|
10.3 |
1 2 3 |
1150 1210 1200 |
29.2 25.7 26.3 |
0.0682 0.0661 0.0679 |
2.23 5.35 2.81 |
Average S.D. |
1180 |
27.1 |
0.0674 |
3.50 |
|
22.7 |
1 2 3 |
814 833 762 |
49.9 48.6 53.0 |
0.0628 0.0604 0.0610 |
10.0 13.5 12.6 |
Average S.D. |
803 |
50.5 |
0.0614 |
12.0 |
|
50.0 |
1 2 3 |
216 229 216 |
86.7 85.9 86.7 |
0.0427 0.0399 0.0384 |
38.9 42.9 45.0 |
Average S.D. |
220 |
86.4 |
0.0403 |
42.3 |
Description of key information
The acute toxicity to algae was as follows (CERI, 1997):
ErC50 (24 -72 h) >50 mg/L (measured concentration)
EbC50 (0 -72 h) = 19.5 mg/L (measured concentration)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 50 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity to algae was tested according to OECD TG 201using Selenastrum capricomutum under GLP conditions in the concentration range up to 50 mg/L (nominal). The calculated growth inhibition was as follows
EbC50 (0 -72 h) = 19.5 mg/L (measured concentration)
ErC50 (24 -72 h) >50 mg/L (measured concentration) (CERI, 1997)
This study is considered to be valid and suitable for assessment.
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